He aha ka manaʻo o ka API i ka ʻaila kaʻa?
ʻO ka inoa ʻaila ʻaila API no ka American Petroleum Institute. ʻO API ka hui kālepa nui loa ma ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ka ʻea. Ma kahi o nā hana he nui, hāʻawi ʻo API ma mua o 200,000 kope o kāna palapala ʻenehana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kūkākūkā kēia mau palapala i nā kūlana ʻenehana a me nā koi e pono ai e hoʻokō i nā kūlana.
ʻAʻole ka uhi o ka API wale nō i ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea, akā ʻo kekahi ʻoihana e pili ana i nā pono aila. No laila, kākoʻo ka API i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka maʻamau API no nā ana o ke kaula pololei, nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (diesel), a me nā ʻaila.
ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻaila API
Ma waena o nā kūlana API he nui, aia kahi ʻōnaehana e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka ʻaila i ka pale ʻenehana like ʻole. Kāhea ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻohālikelike SN a ʻae ʻia i ka makahiki 2010, hoʻololi ia i ka ʻōnaehana SM kahiko. Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana CH:
• Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale piston i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. • Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo. • Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia me nā sila a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaila (detergents).
No ka hoʻokō piha ʻana i ka maʻamau SN, pono e hāʻawi ka ʻaila i ka mea maikaʻi loa:
• Palekana ʻōnaehana hoʻopau kaʻa • Palekana ʻōnaehana turbocharging kaʻa • Hoʻokō i ka wahie ethanol
Inā hoʻokō ka huahana aila i kēia mau koi a pau, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻokō SN a loaʻa iā ia ka ʻae API. No nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka aila he mea hiki ke kūʻai aku, maikaʻi, hoʻokō me nā kānāwai federal a me nā mokuʻāina e pili ana, pale i ke kaiapuni, a hoʻokō i nā kūlana palekana āpau. He papahana hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa kēia.
API hoailona o ka aponoia
Ke ʻae ʻia kahi ʻaila e hoʻokō i ka maʻamau SN, loaʻa iā ia ka mea like me kahi sila API. Kapa ʻia ʻo ka donut e ka API, ua like ia me ka donut no ka mea e wehewehe ana ia i nā kūlana e hui ai ka ʻaila. Ma waenakonu o ka donut e ʻike ʻoe i ka helu SAE. No ka ʻae ʻia ʻana no ka hoʻokō piha ʻana, pono e hoʻokō pono kahi ʻaila i nā kūlana viscosity ʻaila SAE. Inā kū ka aila i nā koi SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), loaʻa iā ia kahi helu viscosity kūpono. No laila, e hōʻike ana kahi ʻaila i ʻae ʻia e like me ka aila SAE 5W-30 i kēlā ʻae ʻia ma ke kikowaena o ka donut API. E heluhelu ʻia ka palapala ma ke kikowaena SAE 10W-30.
E ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano huahana automotive ma ke apo o waho o ke apo API. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ka nani o ka ʻōnaehana API. Me hoʻokahi hōʻailona o ka ʻae ʻia, e ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻike hou aku. I kēia hihia, ʻo ke apo o waho o ka API donut e lawe i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kaʻa a me ka makahiki o ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻa.
ʻO ka ID kaʻa ʻo S a i ʻole C. S ʻo ia ka huahana no ka kaʻa ʻaila. C 'o ia ho'i ka huahana no ka ka'a diesel. Hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mea hōʻike helu ʻelua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau e ʻike ʻoe i ka makahiki hoʻohālike a i ʻole ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka wā hoʻohālike. ʻO ka hōʻailona hoʻohālike o kēia manawa ʻo N. No laila, ʻo kahi huahana ʻaila i lanakila i ka API conformance ka mea hōʻike SN no ke kaʻa ʻaila o kēia manawa a me CN no ka kaʻa diesel o kēia manawa.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka inoa maʻamau hou i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻamau SN. ʻO ka maʻamau hou, i kūkulu ʻia ma 2010, pili i nā kaʻa i hana ʻia mai 2010.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokō API
E like me ka hoʻokō SAE, hāʻawi ka hoʻokō API i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi pae hilinaʻi hou aʻe e hoʻokō ka huahana ʻaila i kahi pae o ka hoʻohālikelike. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻano hoʻohālikelike inā kapa ʻia kahi huahana i ka 10W-30, hoʻokō ia i nā kūlana viscosity ma luna o kahi ākea o nā kūlana wela. ʻOiaʻiʻo, e hana kēia aila e like me ka ʻaila viscosity 30, e hāʻawi ana i kēlā pae o ka pale mai ka liʻiliʻi o 35 a i kahi 212 degere. Hōʻike ka maʻamau API iā ʻoe inā he huahana no ka ʻenekini a i ʻole ka mīkini diesel. ʻO ka hope, haʻi kēia maʻamau iā ʻoe he like nā huahana aila ma New York, Los Angeles, Miami, a i ʻole Charlotte.
