Cessna

ʻO ka super-midsize Citation Longitude ʻo ia ka bizjet poʻokela o kēia manawa a Cessna. Ua haʻalele ke kope hana mua i ka hale hālāwai ma Iune 13, 2017. Ua loaʻa i ka mokulele kahi palapala FAA type ma Sepatemaba 21, 2019.

ʻO Cessna Aircraft Company ke alakaʻi i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mokulele no ka mokulele ākea - ʻoihana, mākaʻikaʻi, pono a me ke aʻo ʻana. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui ma 1927, akā ua wikiwiki kona hoʻomohala ʻana ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II. Ma nā makahiki 50 a me 60, ua ʻike nui ʻia a hiki i ka ʻAmelika maʻamau me ka hoihoi ʻole i ka mokulele i pili i ka inoa Cessna me kēia mau mokulele liʻiliʻi i lele a pae i ko lākou kahua mokulele. Mai ka makahiki 2016, ke hana nei ka hui ma lalo o ka hae Textron Aviation, akā ke hana mau nei ka inoa Cessna ma ke ʻano he mokulele mokulele.

ʻO Clyde Vernon Cessna ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Hui mokulele ʻo Cessna - he kanaka mahiʻai, mechanic, mea kūʻai kaʻa, mea hoʻolālā aʻo ponoʻī akamai a me ka hoʻokele. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ka lā 5 o Dekemaba, 1879 ma Hawthorne, Iowa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1881, ua neʻe kona ʻohana i kahi mahiʻai kokoke i Rago, Kansas. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ona hoʻonaʻauao maʻamau, ua hoihoi ʻo Clyde i ka ʻenehana mai ka wā kamaliʻi a kōkua pinepine i nā mahiʻai kūloko e hoʻoponopono i nā mīkini mahiʻai. Ua male ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1905 a ʻekolu makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana no Overland Automobiles, kahi mea kūʻai kaʻa ma Enid, Oklahoma. Ua lanakila nui ʻo ia ma kēia ʻoihana a ua ʻike ʻia kona inoa ma ka hōʻailona ma luna o ka puka.

ʻO ka mokulele mua i kūkulu ʻia a lele ʻia e Clyde Cessna i ka makahiki 1911 he monoplane Silver Wings. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻia ma ʻApelila 1912 he Silver Wing i kūkulu hou ʻia ma hope o kahi ulia pōpilikia a hoʻololi iki i ka wā o kahi lele hōʻike.

Ua loaʻa iā ia ka pahu mokulele ma ka Oklahoma City Air Show ma Ianuali 14-18, 1911. ʻAʻole mahalo ʻo Cessna i nā hōʻike lewa, akā kamaʻilio pū me nā mea hoʻokele (me ka mea hoʻokūkū Farani e hiki mai ana ʻo Roland Garros) a me nā mechanics, e nīnau ana i nā nīnau he nui. a me ka lawe palapala. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kūkulu i kāna mokulele ponoʻī, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka monoplane Blériot XI. No kēia kumu, i Pepeluali ua hele ʻo ia i New York, kahi i kūʻai ai ʻo Queens Airplane Company i ka fuselage o kahi kope o ka Blériot XI e kūkulu ʻia ana ma laila. I ka manawa like, ua nānā pono ʻo ia i ke kaʻina hana a lawe i kekahi mau mokulele ma ke ʻano he kaʻa. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i Enid, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i nā ʻēheu a hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i kahi hale kaʻa hoʻolimalima. Ma hope o nā hoʻāʻo ʻana he nui ʻole, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana hoʻokele a ma Iune 1911 ua lele ʻo ia i kāna mokulele, a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Silver Wings.

ʻAʻole i kūleʻa loa nā mokulele hōʻike mua. ʻO ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ma ka lā 13 o Kepakemapa, 1911, ua hāʻule ka Silver Wings a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Clyde i ka haukapila. Ua hoʻolele ʻia ka mokulele i kūkulu hou ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia e Cessna i ka lā 17 o Dekemaba. Ma 1912-1913, ua komo ʻo Clyde i nā hōʻike lewa he nui ma Oklahoma a me Kansas, āna i hoʻonohonoho ai me kona kaikaina ʻo Roy. I ka lā 6 o Iune, 1913, ua lele mua ka mokulele hou, i kūkulu ʻia mai ka wā kahiko mai, ma luna o Wichita, Kansas ma ʻOkakopa 17, 1913. I nā makahiki i hala aʻe nei, ua kūkulu ʻo Cessna i nā mokulele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, āna i hōʻike maikaʻi ai i ka lele ʻana i ke kau kauwela. ʻO nā hana a Cessna i loaʻa i ka manaʻo o kekahi mau mea kālepa Wichita, nāna i hoʻolilo kālā i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale hana mokulele. Aia kona keʻena nui ma nā hale o ka hale hana kaʻa J.J. ʻO Jones Motor Company ma Wichita. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana i mālama ʻia ma Sepatemaba 1, 1916.

I ka makahiki 1917, ua hana ʻo Cessna i ʻelua mau mokulele hou. Ua lele mua ʻia ka Comet noho ʻelua me kahi keʻena i uhi ʻia ma Iune 24. ʻElua pule ma hope mai, i ka lā 7 o Iulai, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Clyde i kahi moʻolelo wikiwiki o ka ea ma ka mana o 200 km/h. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke Kaua Honua I ʻApelila 1917, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia nā lako wahie kīwila. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Cessna i kāna mau mokulele i ke aupuni federal, akā makemake ka pūʻali koa i nā mīkini i hana ʻia ma Farani. Ma muli o ka nele o nā kauoha a me ka hiki ke mālama i nā hōʻike lewa i ka hopena o 1917, ua pani ʻo Cessna i ka hale hana, hoʻi i kāna mahiʻai a lawe i ka mahiʻai.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1925, ua kipa ʻia ʻo Cessna e Lloyd C. Stearman lāua ʻo Walter H. Beech, nāna i manaʻo e hui pū ʻo Cessna i ka hui e kūkulu i nā mokulele metala. Ma hope o ka huki ʻana iā Walter J. Innes Jr. Ma ka lā 5 o Pepeluali, 1925, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Travel Air Manufacturing Company ma Wichita. Ua lilo ʻo Innes i pelekikena nona, ʻo Cessna kona hope peresidena, ʻo Beech kāna kākau ʻōlelo, a ʻo Stearman kāna mea hoʻolālā nui. I ka hopena o ka makahiki, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Innes i ka hui, ua lilo ʻo Cessna i pelekikena, ʻo Beech i hope-peresidena, a ʻo Stearman i puʻukū. ʻO ka mokulele mua o Travel Air he biplane Model A. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, makemake ʻo Cessna i nā mokulele monoplane, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kona mau hoa. No laila, i kona manawa kūʻokoʻa, ua kūkulu ʻo ia i kāna mokulele ʻeiwa iā ia iho - he ʻenekini hoʻokahi, monoplane Type 500 me kahi hale i uhi ʻia no ʻelima mau kaʻa. Ua lele mua ʻia e Clyde iā ia iho ma Iune 14, 1926. I Ianuali 1927, ua kauoha ʻo National Air Transport i ʻewalu mau hiʻohiʻona i hoʻololi iki ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Type 5000.

Hui ponoi

ʻOiai ka holomua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka manaʻo hou a Cessna - nā ʻēheu lele manuahi - ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Walter Beech ka ʻae ʻia (i kēia manawa, haʻalele ʻo Lloyd Stearman i ka hui). I ka pūnāwai o 1927, kūʻai aku ʻo Cessna i kāna mau ʻāpana ma Travel Air to Beech a ma ʻApelila 19 i hoʻolaha ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kāna hui ponoʻī, ʻo Cessna Aircraft Company. Me kāna limahana hoʻokahi i kēlā manawa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i ʻelua mau mokulele i kahi hoʻonohonoho monoplane manuahi, i kapa ʻole ʻia ʻo All Purpose (ma hope o Phantom) a me Common. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo ikaika o nā ʻēheu, pono no ka ʻOihana Kālepa e hāʻawi i kahi palapala ʻano kūhelu (Approved Type Certificate, ATC), i alakaʻi ʻia e prof. ʻO Joseph S. Newell o ka Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

ʻO ka Phantom noho ʻekolu ka mea mua i lele ʻia ma ʻAukake 13, 1927. Ua holomua ka mokulele a ua hoʻoholo ʻo Cessna e hoʻomaka i kāna hana nui. No ka loaʻa kālā, kūʻai aku ʻo ia i kekahi hapa o kāna hui iā Victor H. Roos, he mea kūʻai kaʻa kaʻa mai Omaha, Nebraska. Ma hope o kēia, i ka lā 7 Kepakemapa, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka hui ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Cessna-Roos Aircraft Company. Aia kona keʻena nui ma nā hale hou ma Wichita. I Dekemaba o ia makahiki, kuai aku la o Roos i kana mau mahele ia Cessna a ma ka la 22 o Dekemaba, ua hoololi ka hui i kona inoa i Cessna Aircraft Company.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ka Phantom i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā mokulele i kapa ʻia ʻo A Series. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mua o lākou i ka mea kūʻai aku ma Pepeluali 28, 1928. Ma ka makahiki 1930, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau kope i hana ʻia ma nā ʻano AA, AC, AF, AS a me AW, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka mīkini i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohālike BW ʻekolu-ʻehā-noho - he 13 wale nō i kūkulu ʻia. I ka makahiki 6, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike DC-6 a me kāna mau mana hoʻomohala ʻelua DC-1929A Chief a me DC-6B Scout (ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻāpana he 6 me ka prototype).