Nā kumukūʻai wahie ma Slovenia - Nā kumukūʻai nui, akā ʻaʻole e ʻoluʻolu i nā mea kūʻai aku.

I Kepakemapa i hala, ua lilo ʻo Slovenia ka mea aʻe i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa e haʻalele i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila i ka manaʻo o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi. ʻO kēia kahi hana ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki kahi i hāpai ai ke aupuni i ka rula o ke kumu kūʻai no ka aila hoʻomehana ultralight, RON 2016 a me RON no ka manawa mua ma 98. Ua ukali ʻia kēia e ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ke kānāwai no nā wahie āpau ma nā wahi kaʻaahi kokoke i nā ala kaʻa a me nā alaloa, a laila ma ka 100 Kepakemapa i hoʻopau ʻia ma nā wahi hoʻopihapiha ʻē aʻe.

Ua loaʻa ka uku deregulation rʻOi aku hoʻi i ka manawa i ʻike ai mākou ma Slovenia - a me ka honua holoʻokoʻa - i ka emi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai aila maʻemaʻe no kekahi mau mahina.a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kumukūʻai wahie kūʻai kūʻai ma 95 € no ka RON XNUMX petrolina a i ʻole ka diesel ma hope o kekahi mau mahina o nā kulu ʻoi loa. ʻO ka hāʻule o nā kumukūʻai, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ke kūlana o ka honua, kahi i alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka noi honua no nā huahana ʻaila. No laila, loaʻa i nā ʻoihana aila ka nui o ka wahie i ʻaʻohe wahi e mālama ai. ʻOiai he mea lapuwale ia, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila crude ma nā mākeke o ka honua i hōʻea i nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻole.

I ka hopena o Kepakemapa, ua waiho ke aupuni, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, i ka hoʻomalu i nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana ʻaila a hiki i ka kaohi o ka mākeke, akā ua hōʻoia i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka kaohi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke inā piʻi ka nā kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke. piʻi i nā kumukūʻai. A laila ʻo ka manaʻo o ke aupuni, i ka nānā mua ʻana, ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻole ʻia e ka ʻĀpana Transport o ka Chamber of Commerce and ʻoihana o Slovenia, e ʻōlelo ana ke manaʻo nei lākou i ka hāʻule o nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana aila. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Slovenian Consumer Association (ZPS) ka mea i kānalua loa i kā ke aupuni hoʻoholo., no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou e like me ka Chamber of Commerce and Industry, i hōʻike i ka hopohopo no ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai - i ka manawa mua ua lilo kēia i mea kūpono ʻole. Akā ua hoʻomaka koke nā mea i kahi huli ʻokoʻa, a e like me ka makaʻu o ZPS.

Ke hoʻohālikelike mākou i nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila ma Slovenia i kēia lā, ʻike mākou i kēlā ua piʻi aʻe kā lākou kumukūʻai ma kahi o 20 keneta i nā mahina ʻeono i hala (he emi iki no ka 95th gasoline, he mea hou aku no ka diesel), no laila, ua hoomaka mua ka nui e imi i ka poe hewa. ʻO ka mea hope akā ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ka nānā wikiwiki ʻana i nā kumukūʻai wahie o nā mea kūʻai aila Slovenia nui loa ʻekolu - Petrol, OMV a me MOL - e hōʻike ana i ka harmonization kumu kūʻai koʻikoʻi a puni ka ʻāina (ma waho o nā ala kaʻa), me nā ʻokoʻa i haʻahaʻa ʻole, a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ma mua o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea kūʻai kūʻai hoʻemi ma kā lākou mau kikowaena lawelawe.

Hoʻokumu koke kēia i ka manaʻo i nā mea kalepa wale nō ke kuleana no ke kūlana. Akā ke nānā pono nei i nā helu e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai i kahi kalepa ʻaila e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā. Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka rula o ka mokuʻāina o nā kumukūʻai, ua hoʻomaka ka wā o ka hoʻāla waiwai i loko o ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē, a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka noi no nā huahana ʻaila ʻaila ma loko wale nō o ka ʻāina, akā ma nā mākeke honua hoʻi.

Ke nānā nei i ka ikaika o nā kumukūʻai aila i ka makahiki i hala, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ke kumukūʻai o ka aila crude i hōʻemi i ka waiwai haʻahaʻa a me ka maikaʻi ʻole ma ʻApelila 20 i ka makahiki i hala, a laila, mahalo i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka pumping, ua kūkā hou ʻia e nā ʻāina OPEC. a me Rūsia. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai, ua hōʻea hou i ka waiwai o $ 40 no ka barela aila (159 liters)..

Ma Nowemapa 34, ke kumukūʻai aila, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka manawa, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka nalu ʻelua o ka maʻi ahulau, i ka wā i hāʻule ai ke kumukūʻai i $ 30 no ka barela, fluctuated i ka pae mai $ 40 a $ XNUMX no ka barela, a ma hope iho ukali ʻia e nā piʻina kumu kūʻai wikiwiki loa. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o Malaki, ua hiki mua i $ 68 no ka barela, a ma ka hopena o ka mahina ma kahi o $ 60 (ʻo ia ka mea like, e'ōlelo, i ka waena o 20s, i hoʻololiʻia no ka hoʻonuiʻana).i ka wā o ka US i ku i ka pilikia aila mua).

No laila, hōʻike ka ʻikepili i ke kumukūʻai o ka aila crude i kēia manawa e like me ke kumukūʻai i ka makahiki hou 2019/2020, ke maopopo leʻa ke hele mai nei ka pilikia ma ke ʻano he virus hou mai Kina mai, a ʻaʻole kēia ua hana ʻia. ka hopena e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi ahulau i ka honua. I ka manawa like, ʻoiai, he mea kūpono ke hoʻohālikelike i nā kumukūʻai o nā huahana aila ma Slovenia a laila a me kēia lā.

ʻO Gasoline, OMV a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he manaʻo maʻemaʻe wale nō ...

Mai ka papa o ka dinamika o nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila ma loko o ka manawa mai 2007 a 2020, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o ka penehila me kahi helu octane o 95 i ka manawa hoʻololi mai 2019 a 2020 i 1,298 euro.... ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka diesel wahie he 1,2 keneta o ka haʻahaʻa, akā ua like nā kumukūʻai me nā kikowaena hoʻopihapiha, a ʻaʻole no nā mea hana maʻalahi i nā kaulahao kūʻai.. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai ma nā hale kiola ma waho o ke ala kaʻa. I ka hopena o Malaki o kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka pololei ma ka Lāpule, Malaki 28, ke kumukūʻai o ka petrol me ka helu octane o 95 mai 1,159 a 1,189 euros, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai o ka wahie diesel mai 1,149 a i 1.219 euros.

I ka manawa like, ua maopopo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahie ʻoi loa a me ka nui loa o ka wahie ma nā keʻena kinoea (ʻoihana ponoʻī) o nā kaulahao kūʻai - ma ka hihia mua ʻo Hofer, a ma ka lua Mercator me kāna mau lawelawe MaxEn. . . A i ʻole, hāʻawi maʻamau nā mea hoʻolako ʻokoʻa ma kā lākou mau wahi hoʻokele kino a puni ka ʻāina i nā kumukūʻai like. ʻoiai ma ia lā ua noi ʻo Petrol i ke kālā liʻiliʻi loa no ka lita o 95 petrol octane, ʻo ia hoʻi € 1,177. (OMV a me Mol 1,179), a no ka lita o ka diesel OMV, ʻo ia hoʻi ka 1,199 euro (penikala a me ka mol 1,2 euro).

No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nei o nā kumukūʻai wahie e hōʻike nei i nā kumukūʻai wahie i kēia lā no ke kumu kūʻai aila ʻaila like ʻole ma nā mākeke honua ma ka awelika ma kahi o 10 keneta o lalo ma mua o ka makahiki maikaʻi a me ka hapahā i hala. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa no ka petrol RON 95 a emi iki iho no ka wahie diesel, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia manawa.

Hoʻomaopopo koke ʻia mai ka ʻikepili ma luna aʻe ʻaʻole nā ​​mākaʻi aila ma Slovenia kahi māka kūpono no ka hoʻohewa ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai, akā ua noi mākou i nā mea kālepa ʻaila nui ʻekolu ma Slovenia e ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa. ʻO Petrol a me OMV wale nō ka i pane i kā mākou nīnau, a hōʻole ʻo Mol e hui pū.

Ma ka inoa o Petrol a me OMV, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻoihana ʻelua i kahi ʻano hana no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ma muli o nā lula hoʻomalu hoʻokūkū. Makemake ʻole nā ​​ʻoihana ʻelua e ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai ikehu, no ka mea, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila crude e nā mea like ʻole (ʻo ka nui o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai kālā), a ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o nā huahana ʻaila ma Slovenia me nā dute like ʻole a me nā ʻauhau ʻauhau. hoʻololi.

Ma ka manawa like, ua wehewehe ʻo OMV i ka ʻōlelo i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei ua hōʻea nā kumukūʻai aila ʻaila i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻino i ka mua o Malaki, e ʻaelike ana me ka manaʻo o ka Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), ka mea e wānana nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka noi no kaʻaila ʻaila ma nā mākeke honua. akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia no ka hakahaka o ka makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻo OMV i ka nui Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Petrol ua kūʻai aku ma kahi o ʻekolu miliona tonnes o nā huahana ʻaila ma 2020, ma lalo o 19 pākēneka mai 2019 a me 13 pākēneka i emi iho ma mua o ka hoʻolālā.

ʻO ka liberalization piha o nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila i loiloi maikaʻi ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻelua, ʻoiai e pili ana i nā ʻano ma nā ʻāina kokoke, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kēia hana no ka wā lōʻihi. Hoʻohui ʻo Petrol ua mākaukau maikaʻi lākou no kēia hoʻololi no ka mea aia lākou ma nā mākeke kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kēia hana no kekahi manawa (ʻaʻole iki no OMV), a hoʻohui i kēlā ʻano hopena ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e pōmaikaʻi ai nā mea kūʻai aku. maʻalahi no lākou e hoʻoholo i kahi e paila ai ka wahie.

ʻO OMV, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻohui ʻo Slovenia kahi ʻāina transit, ʻo ia hoʻi he hiki Ke hoʻololi wikiwiki nei nā mea kālepa aila i nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana aila i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe a, no laila, (p) noho hoihoi no ka poʻe kalaiwa a kaʻa paha eʻaʻa i ko mākou ʻāina a kū paha ma mua o ke komo ʻana a haʻalele paha i ka ʻāina.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia paha ka ulu ʻana

ʻO Boštyan Okorn, ke poʻo o ka māhele hoʻāʻo o nā ukana a me nā lawelawe o ka Consumer Association o Slovenia, i hoʻopaʻapaʻa hoʻi ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai wahie kūʻai kūʻai ka mea hewa ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ma nā mākeke honua. Wahi a Okorn, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila crude a hiki i ka 2020 pākēneka mai Nowemapa 2021 a hiki i ka hopena o Malaki 70, ʻoiai ke emi iki ʻana o nā lā i hala iho nei, e hoʻomaopopo ai no ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kūʻai i kēia wā. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohui ʻo ia ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mākeke huahana ʻaila i hoʻololi iki i ke kumukūʻai.

I ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai wahie e ka mokuʻāina, loaʻa wale iā mākou nā loli i kēlā me kēia 14 lā, no laila ʻaʻole i ʻike nā mea kūʻai aku i nā loli waena o nā kumukūʻai wahie kūʻai. I ka manawa like, ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā excise, ua loaʻa i ke aupuni kahi hana e hoʻēmi i nā loli nui o nā kumukūʻai wahie - ma ke ʻano o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Tinā, no ka laʻana, a hiki i ka hopena o 2014, i ke kumukūʻai o 95 petrol octane e hoʻokokoke ana i 1,5 euro i kēlā me kēia lita o ka wahie, lawe ka mokuʻāina ma kahi o 0,56 euro.; I Mei i ka makahiki i hala, he 0,51 euro kēia nui, a ma Kepakemapa, ma mua o ka liberalization, he 0,37 euro wale nō. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻohui ʻo Okorn ʻo ka lakio o nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila ma waena o nā mea hoʻolako kūloko a me nā mea hoʻolako i nā ʻāina e pili ana i mau ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.

Ua hoʻopā aku ʻo Okorn i ka mea i hiki ke kali ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma kahi o nā kumukūʻai aila. ʻOiai ʻae ʻo ia me ka manaʻo o nā mea kalepa ʻaila mokuʻāina nui loa e pili ana i ke aloha ʻole o nā wānana no ka ikaika o nā kumukūʻai wahie, manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole e manaʻo hou ʻia ka piʻi nui o nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana aila i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I ka wā pōkole, e kōkua ʻia kēia e ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻemi o ka pono no nā huahana aila no ka hoʻomehana) a me kahi pilikia hoʻokele waiwai, i kona manaʻo, e ukali koke ana.

No laila i kēia makahiki, he mea hoʻopūʻiwa nui ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o 10 a i ʻole 15 keneta.... I ka manawa like, manaʻo ʻia e waiho mau nā kumukūʻai no nā huahana ʻaila ma lalo o 1,5 euro i kēlā me kēia lita o ka wahie i ka wā e hiki mai ana, kahi e kōkua ʻia ai e ka uila ʻana o nā kaʻa hou (a, ma muli o ka hopena, kahi hōʻemi o ka noi no nā huahana ʻaila. . Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka pae EU ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻaelike Green Green i kapa ʻia, kahi e hōʻike nei i nā ʻauhau ʻē aʻe i nā wahie kaʻa e hōʻeleu i ka hoʻololi i nā kaʻa uila.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole kuhikuhi ʻo Okorn i nā mea kālepa aila ma muli o nā piʻi kumukūʻai hou o kēia manawa, ua aʻo ʻo ia e like me nā ʻāina ʻē, pono e kau ʻia nā hōʻailona ma kahi kokoke i nā ala nui, kahi e kākau ʻia ai nā kumukūʻai wahie kaʻa ma hope o kekahi mau hale ʻenekini, a ma ka manawa like. kau i nā totem i nā kikowaena e hōʻike i nā hoʻokele i nā kumukūʻai o nā lawe ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana i ka lima o ka manuʻā ma kahi kinoea. ʻO ka mea hope loa akā ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi, e alakaʻi ia i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ma nā keʻena lawelawe o nā mea hāʻawi ʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka nui o ka aila i paila ʻia he koʻikoʻi.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohuli nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila crude e ka nui o ka aila crude a nā hui aila e hoʻokuʻi a puni ka honua. ʻO ka mea hope loa akā ʻaʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā kumu no ka hāʻule wikiwiki ʻana o nā kumukūʻai i ka makahiki i hala a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka hopena o ka makahiki. ʻOiai ua luku ʻia ka honua e ka maʻi ahulau a i hele pū me ka hāʻule nui o ka noi honua no nā huahana ʻaila, ʻo Mei wale nō ia, i ka wā i hōʻea ai ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻaila i ka ʻole, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe nunui aila e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka nui o nā aila i hana ʻia.

Inā ma ka lā 30 ʻApelila ka hana aila i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka honua he 82,83 miliona barela, a laila no ka mahina he 71,45 miliona barela wale nō. (hoʻokahi miliona i lalo o ka mahina). Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki, ua hoʻonui hou ka nui, akā "wale" i 75,94 miliona mau barela, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā makahiki ʻelima i hala, i ka manawa i kau ai ka leo ma kahi o ka hapa ʻole ma luna o 80 miliona mau barela i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hoʻopilikia nā kumu he nui i ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o ka wahie (ma kahi o ke kumu kūʻai kūʻai o ka wahie) i hana ʻia i loko o nā kumu he nui, ka helu (a i ʻole kaʻana like ʻana) e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kānāwai. ʻO kēia:

• ʻAuhau CO2: ʻauhau i ka haumia ea e nā carbon emox.
• Hāʻawi ʻo EAEU: Hāʻawi i ka Pono ʻElegi (mai 2010).
• Hāʻawi ʻo RES a me CHP; Hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo uila hanauna mai cogeneration maikaʻi loa a mai nā kumuwaiwai hou (mai Iune 2014).
• ʻAuhau ʻauhau: no ka ikehu.
• VAT: ʻauhau hoʻohui waiwai.
• ʻO ke kumu kūʻai hope loa: kumukūʻai kūʻai.

No laila, i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻauhau ʻia kahi lita o RON 95 wahie e like me ke ʻano penei:

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana ʻaila ma Slovenia
	2020
	ʻAʻohe kuleana	ʻAuhau hoʻoiho CO2	Hāʻawi EAEU	ʻO RES a me CHP hāʻawi	Dute Excise	KEKAHI	Kumukūʻai
95 euro (euro / lita)	0,391	0,040	0,007	0,008	0,428	0,193	1,069

ʻO Slovenia i waena o nā mea makepono loa

Ma hope o ka hāʻule nui ʻana o nā kumukūʻai ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki i hala, kēia Ua lilo ʻo Slovenia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa me nā kumukūʻai wahie haʻahaʻa a mālama i kēia kūlana a hiki i kēia lā. Me ke kumukūʻai awelika ma lalo wale nō o ka € 1,16 no ka lita o ka RON 95 gasolina (kūpono ʻia i ka hapalua o Malaki), kū ʻo ia i ka 15 ma waho o 45 mau ʻāina ʻEulopa a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea makepono loa ma ia ʻāina. Ma ke kumukūʻai o € 1,18, ʻo Hungary ka mea kokoke loa ma waena o nā ʻāina kokoke, a ukali ʻia e Austria (€ 1,18 per liter), ʻAukekulia (€ 1,22), Croatia (€ 1,35) a me ʻItalia ma € 1,62 o kēlā me kēia lita. lita o 95 petrolie i 43rd wahi. No laila, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o kēia ʻano gasolina wale nō ma Pokukala a me Nūlani, kahi o 95 a me 1,65 euro ka lita o ka petroline octane.