Café de la Régence - ke kapikala chess o ka honua

ʻO ka Parisian Café de la Régence kaulana i ka XNUMXth a me XNUMXth mau kenekulia ʻo Mecca no nā mea pā o ka pāʻani aliʻi. Ua hui ka poʻe chess elite o ʻEulopa ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO nā mea maʻamau o ke kula, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka encyclopedist Jean Jacques Rousseau, ka mea kālai'āina radical ʻo Maximilian Robespierre a me Napoleon Bonaparte, ka mōʻī o ka wā e hiki mai ana o Farani. I kēlā me kēia lā i ke ao a me ke ahiahi, e kau ana kekahi mau mea pāʻani chess papa kiʻekiʻe ma ka hale ʻaina.

No ka helu i ʻae ʻia, ua pāʻani nā "polofesa chess" me nā mea āpau a hāʻawi i nā haʻawina iā lākou. ʻO ka cafe ma ka Palais Royal, kokoke i ka Louvre, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1681 e kahi mea ʻaihue i kapa ʻia ʻo Lefebvre. I ka manawa mua ua kapa ʻia ʻo Café de Palais-Royal, a i ka makahiki 1718 ua hoʻololi ʻia kona inoa i Kapena Regency.

Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo ke kumu o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka inoa ʻo ia ka kipa pinepine ʻana o ke kuhina nui, ʻo Prince Philippe d'Orléans, i pīhoihoi i ka nani o ka wahine a ka mea nona ka hale cafe hou, nāna i noho ma ka hale ma hope o Lefebvre. ʻO Philip Orlyansky ka mea hoʻomalu i ka wā kamaliʻi o Louis XV, i nā makahiki 1715-1723 kona noho aliʻi ʻana he manawa o ka pua nani o ka hoʻolālā Farani, pena a me ke kiʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Pilipo no kāna ʻano hana, ka mea i uhaki i nā ʻaha kūkā a me nā loina ʻaha hoʻokolokolo.

ʻO ke Kapena Chess o ka Honua

ʻO ka poʻe chess elite e hōʻuluʻulu a hoʻolimalima i ko lākou mau lā i nā hale ʻaina, me Kermer de Legal a me kāna haumāna ʻo François Philidor. No ka nui o nā mea pāʻani chess alakaʻi, ʻo nā pāʻani i loko o nā cafe kahi kumu waiwai nui, no ka mea, pāʻani pinepine ʻia lākou no ke kālā. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoikaika e ʻōlelo ʻo ka makemake o ke kanaka i ka piliwaiwai i kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka chess. ʻAʻole i pāʻani wale ka cafe no ke kālā, akā pili pū kekahi i nā hopena o nā pāʻani pākahi.

I kēlā mau lā, ʻokoʻa loa ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo "cafemaster" i kēia manawa. He mea pāʻani ikaika ʻo ia i hana i kona ola i ka pāʻani chess. ʻO kēlā "champion" ka hiki ke loiloi wikiwiki i ka ikaika o ka hoa paio i ka wā i hāʻawi ai ʻo ia i kahi pāʻani no ke kālā, akā i ka manawa like ua koi ʻo ia i nā ʻaha kūkā. A hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo ka haku Kapena Regency ʻO ia ka mea pāʻani ikaika loa ma ka ʻāina, a i kekahi manawa ma ka honua.

I ka makahiki 1750, ʻo Kermer de Legal ka mea pāʻani chess Farani, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea pāʻani ikaika loa ma Farani a hiki i ka lanakila ʻana o kāna haumāna ʻo François Philidor iā ia, ua pāʻani i kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi kaulana loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka chess ma ka Café de la Régence. ʻO kēia neʻe ke kumuhana o ka operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) i kākau ʻia e Richard Genet i ka makahiki 1887.

Ua hana ʻia ke kūlana i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Diagram 1 i ʻehā mau neʻe: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? ʻIke ʻia ʻo Black ua paʻa ke alahaka keʻokeʻo f3, akā he pine hoʻopunipuni kēia 5.S: e5! G: d1?? Pono ka ʻeleʻele e ʻae i ka nalo ʻana o kahi pawn a pale i ke aliʻi mai ka checkmate me 5… Be6 a i ʻole 5… d: e5, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ʻike i ka pōʻino o 6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (diagram 2).

1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; kūlana ma 4… g6?

2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Kānāwai

3. ʻO François-André Danican Philidor he haku mele Farani a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani chess nui loa o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO ka haumāna a ke kānāwai a me ka kipa pinepine ʻana i ka cafe ʻo (1726-1795), ʻo ia ka mea pāʻani chess kaulana loa o ke kenekulia 3 (XNUMX). Ma kāna puke "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the game of chess"), i hele ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau paʻi, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka ʻike o ka chess. Aia kona manaʻo kaulana loa i ka ʻōlelo kaulana "ʻo nā pawns ka ʻuhane o ka pāʻani", e hoʻokūpaʻa ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka pāʻani pono ʻana o nā pawns ma nā wahi āpau o ka pāʻani.

W Kapena Regency ʻO kāna mau hoa pili ma ka papa ʻo Voltaire lāua ʻo Jean-Jacques Rousseau. ʻOiai i kona wā e ola ana, mahalo ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila a haku mele, haʻalele ʻo ia i iwakālua mau keaka! I ka wehe ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo, mālama ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo o Philidor ma ka inoa o kekahi o nā wehe, ʻo ka Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pāʻani o Philidor ma mua o kona mau hoa a pau mai ka makahiki 21, ua pāʻani wale ʻo ia i kona mau hoa paio ma nā ʻaha kūkā.

Ua hui nā Lunamaka'āinana o ka Parisian intelligentsia - nā mea kākau, nā mea nūpepa a me nā kālai'āina - i loko o kahi cafe. ʻO ka Voltaire a me Rousseau i ʻōlelo ʻia, a me Denis Diderot, ua noho pinepine ma aneʻi. Ua kākau ka mea hope: "ʻO Paris ka wahi ma ka honua, a ʻo ka Café de la Régence kahi ma Paris kahi e hoʻokani ʻia ai ka chess ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe."

Ua kipa ʻia ka cafe e ka mea aloha chess Benjamin Franklin a me ka Emepera Austrian Joseph I, ka mea i huakaʻi incognito ma Farani ma lalo o ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo Prince Falkenstein. I ka makahiki 1780, kipa mai ʻo Russian Tsar Paul I, ke keiki a Catherine the Great. I ka makahiki 1798 in Kapena Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. ʻO ka papaʻaina marble, kahi i noho ai ka mō'ī e hiki mai ana, ua noho ia i kahi hanohano i loko o ka cafe no nā makahiki he nui me kahi hōʻike e pili ana.

4. Ua pāʻani ʻia ka pāʻani chess kaulana i ka makahiki 1843 ma ka Café de la Régence me Howard Staunton lāua ʻo Pierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.

I ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, nā mea pāʻani chess i manaʻo ʻia he poʻokela honua ʻole i hana ʻia ma ka Café de la Régence: Alexandre Deschapelles, Louis de la Bourdonnet a me Pierre Saint-Amand. I nā makahiki XNUMX me nā mea pāʻani chess maikaʻi loa ma ka honua Kapena Regency hoʻomaka ka Pelekania e hoʻokūkū.

I ka makahiki 1834, ua hoʻomaka ka pāʻani haʻalele ma waena o ka hōʻikeʻike cafe a me ka Westminster Chess Club, i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻekolu makahiki ma mua.

I ka makahiki 1843, ua hoʻokani ʻia kahi pāʻani ma ka cafe, kahi i hoʻopau ai i ka noho aliʻi lōʻihi o nā mea pāʻani chess Farani. Ua pio ʻo Pierre Saint-Aman iā Howard Staunton (+6 -11 = 4). ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi Farani ʻo Jean-Henri Marlet, he hoaaloha pili ʻo Pierre Saint-Amand, i pena i ka makahiki 1843 i ka pena "The Game of Chess", kahi e pāʻani ai ʻo Staunton me Saint-Amand i ka cafe "Regence" (4).

5. He lehulehu o ka poe aloha chess ma ka Café de la Régence

I ka makahiki 1852, e pili ana i ka hana kūkulu ʻana a puni ka Louvre, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka cafe i ka Hotel Dodun ma 21 rue Richelieu, a laila, i ka makahiki 1855, hoʻi i kahi kokoke i kahi kahua mōʻaukala (rue Saint-Honoré 161), e mālama ana i kāna. kikoʻī. ʻano a me nā mea kūʻai mua (5). I kēlā manawa, ua loaʻa i ka cafe kahi hale hou, me nā kumu chess e like me ka bust o Philidor.

Kapena Regency ua ʻike i nā hanana haʻuki koʻikoʻi. Ma ka lā 27 o Kepakemapa, 1858, ua pāʻani ʻo Paul Morphy i kahi hālāwai hoʻopaʻa maka i ka manawa like me ʻewalu mau mea pāʻani chess ikaika Parisian, e loaʻa ana ka hopena maikaʻi loa - ʻeono lanakila a ʻelua huki (6).

6. Pāʻani makapō ʻo Paul Morphy me ʻewalu mau mea pāʻani chess ikaika o Parisa.

He 10 mau hola ka lōʻihi o Simultana, ʻaʻole ʻai a inu ʻo Morphy i kekahi mea. I kona haʻalele ʻana i ka hale ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana, ua hoʻohauʻoli nui ka lehulehu i ke akamai o ka chess a ua manaʻoʻiʻo ka Imperial Guard ua puka mai kahi kipi hou. I ke kakahiaka aʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Morphy mai ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā neʻe o nā pāʻani ʻewalu i pāʻani ʻia, me nā haneli o nā ʻano like ʻole i hiki ke ala mai i ka wā o ka pāʻani ʻelua hola. I ʻApelila 1859, ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻahaʻaina aloha ma ka cafe no ka hanohano o ka haku ʻAmelika nāna i lanakila i ka hapa nui o nā mea pāʻani chess maikaʻi loa o ʻEulopa.

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa a me ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua nalowale ka cafe i kona koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kikowaena chess, ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kahua o nā hanana chess koʻikoʻi a hoʻokipa i nā mea pāʻani chess koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i hale ʻaina i ka makahiki 1910 a ua hoʻoholo ka hapa nui o nā mea pāʻani chess e neʻe i ka makahiki 1916 i ka Café de l'Univers.

7. ʻO ka hale i mālama ʻia i ka Café de la Régence.

I kēia lā i Kapena Regency ʻAʻole pāʻani hou ʻia ka chess, ua nalowale ka puʻupuʻu o Philidor a me ka papaʻaina kahi i hoʻokūkū ai ʻo Bonaparte ʻōpio. ʻO ka "temple of chess" mua i hale ka National Tourism Office of Morocco (7). Nui nā hale ʻaina nani ma kahi kokoke, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou e like me nā mea pāʻani chess ma mua e ʻohi ai.

ʻO Jan-Krzysztof Duda, 17 makahiki, ka hope poʻokela honua ma lalo o 20 makahiki!

Ua lanakila hou ʻo Jan-Krzysztof Duda i ka lanakila ʻana i ka mekala kala ma ka World Junior Chess Championship U20, i mālama ʻia mai 1 a 16 Kepakemapa ma Khanty-Mansiysk, he kūlanakauhale Lūkini ma Siberia. Ua alakaʻi ka Pole i kekahi mau pōʻai a kokoke i ka lanakila ma ka hoʻokūkū.

ʻO ka hopena, i nā pāʻani he ʻumikumamākolu, ua loaʻa iā ia nā helu 10, ka helu like me ka mea lanakila ʻo Mikhail Antipov mai Rusia (8).

8. Ma mua o ka pāʻani o nā mea pāʻani maikaʻi loa ʻelua o ka World Chess Championship U20

Ua hui ʻo Duda iā Antipov i hoʻokahi makahiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o ia ma ka 9th (8th) puni. Ua mahalo ka Lūkini i ka Pole a, e pāʻani ana me ʻEleʻele, ua hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō i kahi huki. Ua loaʻa iā Duda kahi pōmaikaʻi iki, akā ua pale maikaʻi ka Lūkini a ua pau ka pāʻani i kahi huki.

I ka pōʻai hope loa, ua lanakila ʻo Antipov i ka pāʻani nalowale a ua lanakila hou ʻo ia he 0,5 helu mai ka Pole, ʻo ia wale nō ka huki ʻana. Ua hoʻoholo wale ʻia ka hoʻokūkū e ke kolu o ka helu kōkua, ʻaʻole naʻe i makemake i kā mākou mea pāʻani chess mai Wieliczka.

ʻAʻole naʻe i eo ka Pole i hoʻokahi pāʻani ma kēia hoʻokūkū, lanakila ʻehiku a huki ʻeono. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "He ʻekolu aʻu mau makahiki e pāʻani ai i kēia pūʻulu makahiki a ʻaʻole au e poina."

I kēia manawa, aia ʻo Jan-Krzysztof Duda i ke kolu o ka honua ma ka pae FIDE ma waena o nā juniors ma lalo o 17, ma mua o ia wale nō e ka Chinese Wei Yi a me ka Russian Vladislav Artemiev.