E hiki mai ana i ka pauda

Hoʻokumu ka hui ʻo Swedish VBN Components i nā huahana kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana additive me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka me nā mea hoʻohui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hana e like me nā drills a me nā ʻoki wili. Hoʻopau ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D i ka pono no ka forging a me ka mīkini, hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai, a hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻohana hope i kahi koho ākea o nā mea kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā ʻāpana VBN e laʻa. Vibenite 290ʻo ia, e like me ka hui Suedena, ʻo ia ka mea kila paʻakikī loa ma ka honua (72 HRC). ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana iā Vibenite 290 e hoʻonui mālie i ka paʻakikī o nā mea a hiki i. Ke paʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana i makemake ʻia mai kēia mea maka, ʻaʻohe hana hou aʻe ma mua o ka wili ʻana a i ʻole EDM. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka ʻokiʻoki, ka wili a i ʻole ka ʻeli ʻana. No laila, hana ka hui i nā ʻāpana me nā ana a hiki i 200 x 200 x 380 mm, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka geometry me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole pono ke kila i nā manawa a pau. Ua hoʻomohala kahi hui noiʻi mai HRL Laboratories i kahi hoʻonā paʻi 3D. alumini alumini me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ʻano hana nano. ʻO ka'ōlelo maʻalahi,ʻo kaʻenehana hou e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā pauka nanofunctional kūikawā i kahi mea paʻi kiʻi 3D, a laila "sintered" me ka laser thin layers, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka uluʻana o kahi meaʻekolu. I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i luku ʻia nā hale hopena a mālama i ko lākou ikaika piha ma muli o nā nanoparticles e hana nei ma ke ʻano he nucleation centers no ka microstructure i manaʻo ʻia o ka alloy.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻāpana ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me ka alumini i ka ʻoihana kaumaha, ka ʻenehana mokulele (eg, fuselage), a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa. ʻO kaʻenehana hou o ka nanofunctionalization hāʻawi iā lākouʻaʻole wale i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, akā, i nāʻano likeʻole a me nā nui.

Hoʻohui ma kahi o ka unuhi

Ma nā ʻano hana metala kuʻuna, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea ʻōpala e ka mīkini. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui - ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā papa hou o kahi mea liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana XNUMXD o nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano kikohoʻe.

ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻenehana no ka prototyping a me ka hoʻoheheʻe hoʻohālike, ua paʻakikī kona hoʻohana pololei ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana i manaʻo ʻia no ka mākeke ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai waiwai ʻole. Eia naʻe, ke loli mālie nei kēia kūlana i ka hana a nā mea noiʻi ma nā kikowaena he nui a puni ka honua.

Ma o ka hoʻokolohua paʻakikī, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā ʻenehana nui ʻelua o ka paʻi XNUMXD: ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka metala (LMD) i hoʻoheheʻe laser koho (ULM). Hiki i ka ʻenehana laser ke hana pololei i nā kikoʻī maikaʻi a loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ʻaʻole hiki ke paʻi me 50D electron beam printing (EBM). Ma SLM, kuhikuhi ʻia ke kiko o ka kukuna laser ma luna o ka pauka o ka mea, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka wahi e like me ke kumu i hāʻawi ʻia me ka pololei o 250 a 3 microns. Ma ka huli ʻana, hoʻohana ʻo LMD i kahi laser e hoʻoponopono i ka pauka e hana i nā hale XNUMXD kākoʻo ponoʻī.

Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau ʻano hana no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mokulele. a, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka deposition metala laser e hoʻonui i nā hiki ke hoʻolālā no nā ʻāpana aerospace. Hiki ke hana ʻia mai nā mea me nā hale paʻakikī o loko a me nā gradient ʻaʻole hiki i ka wā ma mua. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā ʻenehana laser ʻelua ke hana i nā huahana o ka geometry paʻakikī a loaʻa ka hana lōʻihi o nā huahana mai kahi ākea o nā alloys.

I ka mahina o Kepakemapa i hala, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Airbus ua hoʻolako ʻo ia i kāna hana A350 XWB me ka paʻi hoʻohui. pākuʻi titanium, hana ʻia e Arconic. ʻAʻole kēia ka hopena, no ka mea, hāʻawi ka ʻaelike a Arconic me Airbus no ka paʻi 3D mai ka pauka titanium-nickel. ʻāpana kino i ʻōnaehana hoʻokele. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻo Arconic i ka ʻenehana laser, akā ʻo kāna ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi ponoʻī o ka EBM electronic arc.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻohui i ka hana metala ʻo ia ka prototype mua loa i hōʻike ʻia ma ke keʻena nui o ka Dutch Damen Shipyards Group i ka hāʻule o 2017. mea hoʻolele moku metala i kapa ʻia ma hope VAAMpeller. Ma hope o nā ho'āʻo kūpono, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i hana mua ʻia, hiki i ke kumu hoʻohālike ke ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma luna o nā moku.

E like me ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana hana metala i loko o nā pauka kila kila a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea alloy, pono ia e ʻike i nā mea pāʻani nui i kēia mākeke. Wahi a ka "Additive Manufacturing Metal Powder Market Report" i paʻi ʻia ma Nowemapa 2017, ʻo nā mea hana koʻikoʻi o nā pauka metala paʻi 3D: GKN, Hitachi Chemical, Rio Tinto, ATI Powder Metals, Praxair, Arconic, Sandvik AB, Renishaw, Höganäs AB , Metaldyne Performance Group, BÖHLER Edelstahl, Carpenter Technology Corporation, Aubert & Duval.

Paʻi kiʻi WAAMpeller

Māhele wai

ʻO nā ʻenehana hoʻohui metala maikaʻi loa e hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pauka (peia ke ʻano o ka vibenite i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei) "sintered" a me ka laser-fused i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no ka mea hoʻomaka. Eia naʻe, ke puka mai nei nā manaʻo hou. Ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi mai ka Cryobiomedical Engineering Laboratory o ka Chinese Academy of Science ma Beijing i kahi ala. Paʻi 3D me "ink", i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe metala me kahi helu heheʻe ma luna iki o ka mahana wela. Ma kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke moʻolelo Science China Technological Sciences, hōʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo Liu Jing lāua ʻo Wang Lei i kahi ʻenehana no ka paʻi ʻana i ka wai o ka gallium, bismuth, a i ʻole indium-based alloys me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā nanoparticles.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano hana prototyping metala kuʻuna, he mau pono koʻikoʻi ka paʻi wai-phase 3D. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana i nā hale ʻekolu. Eia hou, maʻaneʻi hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka mahana a me ke kahe o ka mea hoʻomaha. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka metala conductive wai i hui pū ʻia me nā mea non-metallic (e like me ka plastics), e hoʻonui ana i nā hiki hoʻolālā no nā mea paʻakikī.

Ua hoʻomohala pū nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o ʻAmelika Komohana i kahi ʻenehana paʻi 3D metala hou i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia. Ma kahi o ka pauka metala, lasers a i ʻole nā ​​kukui electron, hoʻohana ia umu maʻamau i mea wai. Eia kekahi, hana maikaʻi ke ʻano hana no nā ʻano metala, nā ʻāpana, nā pūhui, a me nā oxides. Ua like ia me ka sila nozzle e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai me nā plastics. ʻO ka "ink" kahi pauka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kahi mea kūikawā me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi elastomer. I ka manawa o ka noi, aia ma ka lumi wela. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka papa o nā mea i waiho ʻia mai ka nozzle me nā papa mua i kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia i loko o ka umu. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻenehana i loko o ka puke moʻolelo kūikawā Advanced Functional Materials.

ʻO ke ʻano paʻi ʻana o Kina

Ma 2016, ua hoʻolauna nā mea noiʻi Harvard i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hana i nā hale metala XNUMXD. paʻi ʻia "i ka lewa". Ua hana ʻo Harvard University i kahi paʻi 3D, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā mea i papa ma ka papa, akā hana i nā hale paʻakikī "i ka lewa" - mai ka metala maloʻo koke. ʻO ka mea hana, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kula ʻo John A. Paulson o Engineering and Applied Science, paʻi i nā mea me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nanoparticles kālā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka laser i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mea a hoʻohui iā ia, e hana ana i nā hale like ʻole e like me ka helix.

Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka makemake o ka mākeke no nā huahana mea kūʻai aku paʻi 3D kiʻekiʻe e like me nā implants olakino a me nā ʻāpana ʻenekini mokulele. A no ka mea hiki ke kaʻana like i ka ʻikepili huahana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā hui a puni ka honua, inā loaʻa iā lākou ka pauka metala a me ka mīkini paʻi 3D kūpono, hiki ke hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai logistic a me nā waihona waiwai. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻenehana i wehewehe ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala o ka geometry paʻakikī, ma mua o nā ʻenehana hana kuʻuna. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā noi kūikawā e alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka wehe ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻi 3D i nā noi maʻamau pū kekahi.

ʻO ke kila Suedena paʻakikī - no ka paʻi 3D:

ʻO ke kila paʻakikī loa ma ka honua - i hana ʻia ma Uppsala, Suedena

ʻO ke kiʻi alumini no ka paʻi ʻana: 

Paʻi ʻana i ka metallurgy: paʻi 3D o ka alumini ikaika kiʻekiʻe