ʻO Bishop a me Sexton nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī Pelekane

ʻO Sexton II i nā kala o ka 1st Motorized Artillery Regiment o ka 1st Armored Division o ka Polish Army ma ke Komohana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Koa Koa Polish ma Warsaw.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻoponopono nā ʻāina kaua i ka pilikia o ke kākoʻo ahi no nā māhele pahu. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻoiai he mea koʻikoʻi ka mana ahi o nā pūʻali koa, ʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa i kī pololei, ʻo ke ahi pākahi ma luna o nā pahu hopu i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ke kaua. Ma kahi ʻano, he mau mea kūʻai aku nā pahu - e luku ana i nā pahuhopu kikoʻī hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ma ka wikiwiki. ʻO nā mea hana pū - nā mea kūʻai nui. ʻO ka voli ma hope o ka volley o ʻumi, mau kakini a hiki i nā haneli he nui e kūʻē i nā pahuhopu hui, ʻo ka pinepine ma kahi mamao ma mua o ka ʻike maka.

I kekahi manawa pono kēia kākoʻo. Pono ʻoe i ka nui o ke ahi e uhaʻi i nā pale ʻenemi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hoʻopau i nā pā pā kaua, nā pū a me nā kūlana mortar, hoʻopau i nā pahu i ʻeli ʻia, luku i nā pūnana pū mīkini, hoʻokau i nā pohō i ka poʻe ʻenemi. Eia hou, puiwa na koa enemi e ka leo nui, makau no ko lakou ola ponoi a me ka ike ana i na hoa e haehae ia ana e ka pahū ana o na pu. Nawaliwali ka makemake e hakaka ma ia ano, a ua lolo ka poe hakaka i ka makau kanaka ole. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā pahu hanu ahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia he hopena noʻonoʻo ponoʻī nō hoʻi, akā he mea nui ka artillery ma kēia ʻano.

I ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia nā pūʻali koa kuʻuna me nā pūʻali koa a me nā kaʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā kūlana kī, ʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā pū mai nā tractors (decentralization) a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā lākou i nā keʻena ahi a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mea kaua i nā limahana lawelawe mai nā kaʻa lawe kaʻa he manawa, e like me ka hoʻi ʻana i ke kūlana hele. ʻO ka lua, pono e neʻe nā pū i huki ʻia ma nā alanui lepo, e like me ka hiki ke ʻae ʻia: ʻo ka lepo a i ʻole ka hau e hoʻopaʻa pinepine i ka neʻe ʻana o ka tractor, a neʻe nā pahu "ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻino." Ua hele pinepine ʻo Artillery a puni e komo i kahi o kahi o kēia manawa o ka pūʻali koa.

Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia e ka howitzer self-propelled field artillery. I Kelemānia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka 105 mm Wespe a me 150 mm Hummel howitzers. ʻO ka M7 105mm pono pū i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka US a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Priest e ka poʻe Pelekania. I ka huli ʻana, ma ka USSR, ua hilinaʻi ka hull i ke kākoʻo o nā pū kaua, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ahi pololei i mua, ʻoiai inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā 122-mm howitzers SU-122 a me 152-mm howitzers ISU- 152.

Ma Beretania Nui nō hoʻi i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana puʻupuʻu ponoʻī. ʻO ke ʻano nui a maʻalahi hoʻi ʻo ka Sexton me ka howitzer kaulana 87,6 mm (25 lb). Ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia ka pū Bishop i nā helu liʻiliʻi, akā ʻokoʻa kona kumu a ʻaʻole pili i ka pono e hāʻawi i nā pūʻali koa kahua i nā pūʻali koa.

He pū i hoʻolalelale ʻia me ka inoa kūhelu ʻo Ordnance QF 25-pdr e pili ana i ka Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, i kapa ʻia ʻo Bishop. ʻO ke kaʻa i hōʻike ʻia no ka 121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, i komo i ke kaua ʻelua o El Alamein (ʻOkakopa 23 - Nowemapa 4, 1942).

I ka pūnāwai o 1941, ua komo ka German Afrika Korps i ke kaua ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Me kēia, ua hoʻomaka nā hana maneuvering o kahi ʻano like ʻole. ʻAʻole mākaukau nā pūʻali koa Pelekāne no kēia, akā ua ʻike koke ʻia ʻo ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā pūʻali koa i ka pale kaua e kūʻē i kahi hoʻouka kaua weliweli ʻana o nā ʻenemi ma nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma mua e koi ʻia ka wikiwiki o ke ahi, ʻo ke kahua a me ka anti-tank. -ʻaʻole hoʻi e haʻi aku i ka pono o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i nā pūʻali koa a me ka infantry. ʻO ka holomua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kā lākou mau pūʻali koa i hilinaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka hiki ke kākoʻo ʻia i ke ahi no nā kaʻa e nā pū i ka hakakā ʻana me nā pale o ka ʻenemi. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopoina ʻia ʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa Pelekane o ia manawa i kāhiko ʻia me nā pū 40-mm (2-paona), nona ka hiki ke lanakila i nā pahuhopu kahua kaua ʻole.

kaua a me ka ikaika o ka enemi.

ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pahu kaʻa Kelemania. Me nā German Pz III hou a (a laila liʻiliʻi ma ʻApelika) nā Pz IV me nā mea kaua hou i mua (Pz III Ausf. G a me Pz IV Ausf. E) he mea paʻakikī loa ke hana me British QF 2-paona (2-paona) anti. -tank - pahu pahu o ia manawa.) cal. 40 mm. A laila ua ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kahua 25-mm 87,6-paona howitzer. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pū i loko o kēia pū i ka makahiki 1940. ʻO kēia nā pūpū me nā mea pahū ʻole e hiki ke komo i ka pale kaua e kū ana ma ke kihi o 30 ° a i ke kūpaʻa, 62 mm ka mānoanoa mai 500 m a me 54 mm mai 1000 m. , ʻoiai hiki i kahi pū anti-tank 40 mm ke komo i ka pale kaua. Me nā kūlana like e kiʻi i ke komo ʻana i nā mea kaua 52-mm mai 500 m a me 40-mm pale kaua mai 1000 m. I ka wā o nā kaua, ua maopopo hoʻi i ka pono o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i ke kūlana o ka anti-tank artillery e alakaʻi i nā hoʻonā ponoʻī. Ua kau nā pūʻali koa 40 mm anti-tank i kā lākou mau pū ma luna o ka pahu o ke kaʻa a kiʻi aku mai laila aku, akā, ua pilikia kēia mau kaʻa kaua i ke ahi ʻenemi.

No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi o ka pū hoʻokele ponoʻī hou, me ka 25-paona 87,6-mm field howitzer, ʻo ia ke kaua kūʻē i nā kaʻa. ʻO ia ka pono o ka manawa i nalowale ai nā mea a pau me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā pū anti-tank 6mm 57-pauna, i loaʻa i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻelua i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua: 85mm mea kaua komo mai 500m a me 75mm mea kaua komo mai 1000m.

ʻO Bishop pū hoʻopaʻa ponoʻī

ʻO ka pū 25-pauna, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kaua maikaʻi loa no nā pū hoʻokele ponoʻī i hoʻolālā ʻia, ʻo ia ka pū kīwī Pelekane nui i kūkulu ʻia i ka hopena o nā makahiki 30. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea huki a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, a ʻo kēlā me kēia pūʻali koa he ʻekolu. mahele o ekolu mau pahu pu ewalu - he 24 pu i loko o ka squadron a me ka 72 battalion. ʻAʻole like me nā pūʻali koa nui ʻē aʻe o ke Kaua Honua II, Kelemānia, USA a me ka USSR, nona nā pūʻali koa puʻupuʻu me nā pū liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui (Germany 105-mm a me 150-mm howitzers, USA 105-mm a me 155-mm, USSR 76,2 -mm pūkuniahi a me 122mm howitzers), nā māhele Pelekane wale nō.

25-pounder 87,6 mm howitzers.

Ma ka mana huki, ʻaʻohe huelo hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēia pū, e like me nā hiʻohiʻona haole hou, akā he huelo ākea hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia hoʻoholo i manaʻo ʻia he mau kihi pana liʻiliʻi i ka pū ma luna o ke kaʻaahi, ʻo 4 ° wale nō ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua (8 ° ka nui). Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia pilikia ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi pale poepoe i hoʻopili ʻia i ka huelo ma lalo o ka huelo, i kau ʻia ma ka honua, kahi i huki ʻia ai ka pū e kahi tractor ma mua o ka wehe ʻana. ʻO kēia pale, ka mea, mahalo i nā niho ʻaoʻao, i paʻa i loko o ka lepo ma lalo o ke kaomi ʻana o ka pū, hiki ke hoʻohuli koke i ka pū ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana i ka huelo, he mea maʻalahi ia, ʻoiai ʻo ke kaumaha o ka pahu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pū. kaumaha o ka pu. huelo. Hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka pahu

ma ka laulā o nā kihi mai -5° a +45°.

He laka paʻa ko ka pū, kahi i maʻalahi ka wehe ʻana a me ka laka. ʻO ka nui o ke ahi he 6-8 mau pōʻai / minuke, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia nā kūlana Pelekane no: 5 mau pōʻai / minuke (ke ahi ikaika), 4 mau pōʻai / minuke (ke ahi wikiwiki), 3 mau pōʻai / minuke (ahi maʻamau), 2 pōʻai. / minuke (ahi lohi). ahi) a i ʻole 1 rds/min (ahi lohi loa). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka barela he 26,7 cal, a me kahi pahu pahu - 28 cal.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua ʻano o nā mea hoʻolalelale no ka pū. ʻO ke ʻano kumu he ʻekolu ʻeke pauda, ​​ʻelua o ia mau mea hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia, nāna i hana i ʻekolu mau ukana ʻokoʻa: me hoʻokahi, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha ʻeke. No laila, ua hiki ke hana i ke ahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā mamao pōkole. Me nā koina ʻekolu a pau, ʻo 11,3 m ka nui o ka lele ʻana o kahi projectile maʻamau ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 10 m ma ka wikiwiki projectile mua o 650 m/s. Me nā ʻeke ʻelua, ua hāʻule kēia mau waiwai i 450 m a me 7050 m / s, a me hoʻokahi ʻeke - 305 m a me 3500 m / s. Aia kekahi uku kūikawā no ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi hiki ʻole ke wehe i nā ʻeke pauda. Ua hiki ka pae lele i 195 m ma ka māmā holo mua o 12 m/s.

ʻO ka projectile nui no ka pū, he projectile fragmentation kiʻekiʻe Mk 1D. ʻO ka pololei o kāna pana ʻana ma kahi o 30 m ma kahi mamao loa. ʻO 11,3 kg ke kaumaha o ka projectile, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o ka pahu pahū i loko o ia mea he 0,816 kg. ʻO ka pinepine, he amatol, akā ua hoʻolako pū ʻia nā rockets o kēia ʻano me ka TNT a i ʻole RDX uku. He 9,1 kg ke kaumaha o kahi projectile pale kaua me nā mea pahū a me ka uku maʻamau i hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki mua o 475 m / s, a me kahi uku kūikawā - 575 m / s. ʻO nā waiwai i hāʻawi ʻia o ke komo ʻana i nā mea kaua no kēia wale nō

keia ukana kūikawā.

He ʻike maka o ka pū no ke ahi pololei, me ke ahi anti-tank. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoihoi nui ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Probert System Calculator, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke helu i ke kihi kūpono o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka barela ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka calculator mechanical i ka mamao i ka pahuhopu, ʻoi aku a ʻaʻole i hiki i ka pahuhopu, e pili ana i ke kūlana. o ka pu a me ke ano o ka ukana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kihi azimuth me ia, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia me kahi pae ʻuhane kūikawā, no ka mea, kū pinepine ka pū ma luna o ka ʻāina ʻaʻohe a hili ʻia. A laila, ʻo ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka pahu i kekahi kihi i hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia ma kahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole kekahi, a na kēia ʻike i hiki ke unuhi i kēia kihi hoʻohuli.

mai ka azimuth i hāʻawi ʻia.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo pololei ʻia ka azimuth, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka huina ma waena o ka ʻākau a me ke ala o ka pahu hopu, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe pū i nā pū ke ʻike i ka pahu hopu. I ka wā i kaulana ai ka palapala ʻāina (a me nā palapala ʻāina Pelekāne no ko lākou pololei kiʻekiʻe) i hoʻoholo pololei i ke kūlana o ka pākaukau a me ke kūlana o ka pou nānā i mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ka poʻe pū, ka azimuth a me ka mamao ma waena o ka pākaukau. a me ka pou nana. I ka hiki ke ana i ka azimuth a me ka mamao i ka pahu hopu i ikeia mai laila mai ka pou nana, ua hooponopono ke kauoha pilau i kekahi pilikia trigonometric maalahi: ua hoike mai ka palapala aina i na aoao elua o ka huinakolu me na vertices: ka pilau, ka pou nana a me ka pahu hopu. , a ʻo nā ʻaoʻao i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka pākaukau - ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka ʻike - pahuhopu. I kēia manawa, pono e hoʻoholo i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu: ʻo ka pākaukau ka pahuhopu, i.e. azimuth a me ka mamao ma waena o lākou, e pili ana i nā huahelu trigonometric a i ʻole kiʻi ʻia ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi triangle holoʻokoʻa ma ka palapala ʻāina a me ke ana ʻana i nā ʻāpana angular a me ka lōʻihi (ka lōʻihi) ʻaoʻao ʻekolu: pākaukau - pahuhopu. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho angular me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maka ma nā pū.

Ma hope o ka salvo mua, ua hana ka mea nānā pū i nā hoʻoponopono, i hana ʻia e nā pūʻali koa e like me ka papa kuhikuhi pili, i mea e "pana" iā lākou iho ma nā pahu i manaʻo ʻia no ka luku. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like a me nā hiʻohiʻona like ma ka Ordnance QF 25-pounders i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka Bishop a me Sexton type SPG i kūkākūkā ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala. Ua hoʻohana ka ʻāpana Bishop i ka pū me ka ʻole o ka ʻāʻī, aʻo ka Sextons i hoʻohana i ka puʻu. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻūhā ʻūhā ma luna o ka Bishop, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia ka rocket kūikawā me nā pōʻai hoʻopaʻa kaua.

I ka Mei 1941, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūkulu i kahi pū hoʻokele ponoʻī o kēia ʻano me ka pū 25-paona Ordnance QF Mk I a me ka chassis o kahi pahu pahu Valentine infantry. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka Mk II, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka Sexton - nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka breech (a me ka vertical, wedge), a me ka ʻike, i hoʻokō i ka hiki ke helu i ka trajectory ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa hoʻemi (ma hope o e wehe ana i ka ʻeke), ʻaʻole ia ma ka Mk I. Ua hoʻololi pū ʻia nā kihi muzzle mai -8° a +40°. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hoʻololi hope loa no ka Bishop SPG mua, no ka mea, ua kaupalena ʻia nā kihi i loko o ka -5° a +15°, a e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope.

Ua hana ʻia ka pahu Valentine ma UK ma ʻekolu hale hana. ʻO ka makua o Vickers-Armstrong ʻo Elswick Works kokoke i Newcastle i hana i 2515 o kēia. Ua kūkulu ʻia he 2135 e ka Vickers-controlled Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage a me Wagon Co Ltd. ma kāna mau hale hana ʻelua, Old Park Works ma Wednesbury a me Washwood Heath kokoke i Birmingham. ʻO ka hope, ua hana ka Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company i 2205 mau pahu o kēia ʻano ma kā lākou mea kanu ma Smethwick kokoke i Birmingham. ʻO ia ka hui hope i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pū hoʻokele ponoʻī e pili ana i nā pahu Valentine i hana ʻia ma Mei 1941.

Ua hana ʻia kēia hana ma kahi ala maʻalahi, akā naʻe, ua hopena i kahi hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka waiho wale ʻana, ma kahi o kāna pahu pahu pahu 40 mm, ua kau ʻia kahi pahu nui me kahi howitzer 25-paona 87,6 mm ma ka chassis o ka pahu Valentine II. I kekahi mau ʻano, ua like kēia mīkini me ka KW-2, i mālama ʻia e like me ka pahu koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole me ka pū hoʻokele ponoʻī. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka kaʻa Soviet i kāhiko nui ʻia me kahi puʻupuʻu paʻa me ka pū howitzer ikaika 152 mm, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana ahi. I loko o ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa Pelekane, ʻaʻole i kahuli ka turret, ʻoiai ʻo kona paona i koi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano hana turret traverse hou.

He pale kaua ikaika loa ko ka turret, 60 mm ma mua a ma nā ʻaoʻao, emi iki ma hope, me nā puka ākea e wehe ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kī ʻana. He 8 mm ka manoanoa o ke kaupaku. Ua piha loa i loko a, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope, maikaʻi ʻole ka makani. ʻO ka chassis pono'ī he mea kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao mua a me nā ʻaoʻao me ka mānoanoa o 60 mm, a ʻo ka lalo he 8 mm ka mānoanoa. He 30 mm ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaoʻao mua o luna, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mua - 20 mm, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hope (luna a lalo) - 17 mm. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka fuselage he 20 mm ka mānoanoa ma ka ihu a me 10 mm ma hope, ma luna o ka ʻenekini.

Ua hoʻolako ʻia ke kaʻa me kahi engine diesel AEC A190. ʻO ka Associated Equipment Company (AEC), me kahi hale hana ma Southall, West London, i hana i nā kaʻa kaʻa, ka hapanui o nā kaʻa kaʻa kūlanakauhale, me nā inoa hoʻohālike e hoʻomaka ana me "R" a me nā inoa kaʻa e hoʻomaka ana me "M". ʻO ka mea kaulana loa paha ʻo ia ka kaʻa AEC Matador, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he tractor no ka howitzer 139,7 mm, ke ʻano nui o nā pūʻali koa Pelekane. ʻO ka hopena, ua loaʻa i ka hui ka ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mīkini diesel. ʻO A190 he ʻenekini ʻehā-stroke ʻeono-cylinder diesel me ka huina o 9,65 lita, 131 hp. ma 1800 rpm. ʻO ka lako wahie i loko o ka pahu nui he 145 l, a i loko o ka pahu kōkua - kekahi 25 l, ka nui o 170 l ka pahu aila no ka lubrication engine - 36 l Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mīkini, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻana he 45 l.

ʻO ka ʻenekini hope (longitudinal) i hoʻokele ʻia e kahi pahu pahu pahu pahu Henry Meadows Type 22 mai Wolverhampton, UK, me ʻelima mau kaʻa i mua a me hoʻokahi pahu huli. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi paʻa paʻa nui i ka pahu pahu, a ʻo nā huila kaʻa ma hope he mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao no ka hoʻokele. Aia i mua nā huila hoʻokele. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa he ʻelua kaʻa ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao, ʻekolu huila kākoʻo i kēlā me kēia kaʻa. ʻO nā huila nui ʻelua ma waho, 610 mm ke anawaena, a ʻo nā huila ʻehā i loko he 495 mm ka anawaena. ʻO nā tracks, he 103 mau loulou, he 356 mm ka laulā o kēlā me kēia.

Ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka turret, ʻo ka pū wale nō nā kihi kiʻekiʻe mai -5° a +15°. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i ka palena o ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka 10 km wale nō (ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou iā ʻoe ma kēia mana o ka pū no nā pūpū ʻāpana pahū kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā koina propellant kūikawā, akā nā uku maʻamau wale nō) i 5800 wale nō. m. Ke ano o ka hana ana o na ohua i wahi paa uuku, i loaa ia e na pu mua, e hoonui ana i kona mau kihi kiekie. Aia i loko o ke kaʻa kahi lako o 32 rockets a me ko lākou mau mea hoʻolalelale, i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole lawa, akā ʻaʻohe wahi hou. No laila, ua hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kahi pahu pahu pahu hoʻokahi-axle No. 27, ke kaumaha o ke keʻena ma kahi o 1400 kg, i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i ka pū, hiki ke lawe i 32 mau pōʻai hou. ʻO ia ka hale kaʻa like i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano huki, kahi i lawelawe ai ma ke ʻano he progenitor (ua huki ka tractor i ka trailer, a hoʻopili ʻia ka pū i ka trailer).

ʻAʻole i loaʻa i Bishop kahi pū mīkini i kau ʻia, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia e lawe i kahi pū mīkini māmā BESA 7,7 mm hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi mauna o ka hale no ke ahi anti-aircraft. ʻEhā poʻe ka poʻe holo moku: he kaʻa kaʻa ma ke alo o ka fuselage, ma waena, a ʻekolu mau pū ma ka hale kiaʻi: ka luna, ka pū a me ka mea lawe ukana. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pū huki huki, ua nalowale ʻelua mau pōkā, no laila, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pū.

Ua kūkulu ka Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company o Smethwick kokoke i Birmingham i ka prototype Bishop i ʻAukake 1941 a hoʻāʻo iā ia i Kepakemapa. Ua kūleʻa lākou, e like me ka pahu Valentine, hōʻoia ke kaʻa i ka hilinaʻi. ʻO kona wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe he 24 km / h wale nō, akā ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina ua kūkulu ʻia ke kaʻa ma luna o ka chassis o kahi pahu infantry lohi. He 177 km ka mile ma ke alanui. E like me ka pahu Valentine, ʻo nā lako kamaʻilio me kahi pūʻulu kelepona helu 19 i hoʻomohala ʻia e Pye Radio Ltd. mai Cambridge mai. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi lekiō ma ka mana "B" me kahi alapine o 229-241 MHz, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā kaʻa kaua noho hoʻokahi. ʻO ke kiʻi ahi, e pili ana i ka ʻāina, mai 1 a 1,5 km, kahi i lawa ʻole ka mamao. Ua hoʻolako pū ʻia ke kaʻa me kahi kaʻa ma luna.

Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua kūleʻa o ke kaʻa prototype, nona ka inoa kūhelu ʻo Ordnance QF 25-pdr ma ka Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, a laila hoʻemi ʻia i kekahi manawa i 25-pdr Valentine (Valentine me 25-pounder), ua ala mai kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena. nā pahu pahu a me nā pū pū inā he pahu koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka pū hoʻokele ponoʻī. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea nāna e kauoha i kēia kaʻa a me nā ʻāpana e hele ai, ʻo ia ka pale kaua a i ʻole ka pū. I ka hopena, lanakila ka poʻe pū, a kauoha ʻia ke kaʻa no ka pū. ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo ka hui mokuʻāina ʻo Royal Ordnance, e hana ana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā pūʻali koa Pelekania ma ka inoa o ke aupuni. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi kauoha no nā ʻāpana 100 mua i Nowemapa 1941 i ka Birmingham Railway Carriage a me Wagon Company, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ua hana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōpala, akā i ka wā o ke kaua ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa kaua. Ua holo mālie ke kauoha, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa Valentine ka mea nui. ʻO ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā pū i hoʻololi ʻia iā Bishop ua hoʻokō ʻia e ka hale hana Vickers Works ma Sheffield, a ʻo ka hana pū kekahi i mālama ʻia e ka Vickers-Armstrong head plant ma Newcastle upon Tyne.

M7 Kahuna no ka 13th (Honorary Artillery Company) Field Regiment o ka Royal Horse Artillery, ka pūʻali koa hoʻokele ponoʻī o ka 11th Armored Division ma ke alo o Italia.

Ma Iulai 1942, ua hāʻawi ʻia aku i ka pūʻali koa he 80 Ordnance QF 25-pdr ma ka mokulele mokulele Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, a ua kapa koke ʻia lākou ʻo Bishop e ka pūʻali koa. ʻO ka hale kiaʻi pūkuniahi i pili i waena o nā koa me kahi miter, ke poʻo o ka pīhopa o ke ʻano like, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻomaka ai lākou e kapa i ka cannon - episcopal. Ua paʻa kēia inoa a ua ʻae ʻia ma hope. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā pū M7 M105 o ka ʻAmelika, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i nā pūʻali pū mikini pōʻai i nā koa o ka pulpito, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka pū ʻo Kahuna. Pēlā i hoʻomaka ai ke kuʻuna o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā pū kīwī mai ke kī "kāleka". I ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka māhoe "Priest" o ka hana Kanada (ʻoi aku ma hope o kēlā), akā me ka ʻole o ke ʻano "pulpit" o ka pūkuniahi ʻAmelika, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Sexton, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hale pule. ʻO ka pū anti-tank 57 mm i hana ʻia ma luna o ke kaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Dean Deacon. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kapa ʻia ka pū puhi hoʻokuʻi ʻia ʻo 105-mm Pelekane ma hope o ke kaua ʻo Abbot - abbot.

ʻOiai nā kauoha hou aʻe no nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā māhele 50 a me 20 Bishop, me kahi koho no 200 hou, ʻaʻole i hoʻomau ʻia kā lākou hana. Manaʻo paha, ua pau ka hihia me ke kūkulu ʻana i kēlā mau ʻāpana 80 wale nō i hāʻawi ʻia e Iulai 1942. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka "ʻike" o ka howitzer M7 i hoʻolalelaʻi ʻia e ʻAmelika (ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa i ka inoa "Priest") ma ka chassis o ka medium M3 Lee. he pahu i hana ʻia e ka mikiona Pelekane no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa kaua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - ʻo ka Misionari Tank Pelekane. Ua oi aku ka lanakila o keia pu mamua o ko Bihopa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahi no ka poʻe holo moku a me nā mea kaua, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā kihi o ke ahi kūpaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kaʻa "cruising" (kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) o Pelekane i nā ʻāpana pale.

ʻO ke kauoha a ke kahuna i alakaʻi i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kūʻai hou aʻe a Bishop, ʻoiai ʻo Priest ka hopena no ka manawa pōkole, ma muli o ka pono e hoʻokomo i loko o ka lawelawe kūʻai (hoʻahu, lawe, lawe ʻana) atypical ʻAmelika 105mm mau pū a me nā ʻāpana pūkuniahi i hana ʻia e ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻomaka mua ka chassis e laha i ka pūʻali koa Pelekania ma muli o ka hoʻolako ʻana o nā pahu M3 Lee (Grant), no laila ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia ka nīnau o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa no ka chassis.

ʻO ka pūʻali mua i hoʻolako ʻia me nā pū a Bishop, ʻo ia ka 121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. ʻO kēia pūʻali koa, i hoʻolako ʻia me ka huki ʻana i 121-paona, i hakakā ma Iraq i 25 ma ke ʻano he pūʻali kūʻokoʻa, a i ke kauwela o 1941 ua hāʻawi ʻia i ʻAigupita e hoʻoikaika i ka pūʻali koa 1942. Ma hope o ka hoʻolako hou ʻana iā Bihopee, ua loaʻa iā ia ʻelua mau pahu ʻewalu barrel: 8th (275th West Riding) a me 3rd (276th West Riding). Ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia pākaukau i ʻelua platun, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua māhele ʻia i mau ʻāpana o nā pū ʻelua. I ʻOkakopa 11, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka squadron 1942 i ka 121st armored brigade (pono ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia he tank brigade, akā noho mau ʻia ʻo "armored" ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana mai ka 23rd tank division, ʻaʻole i komo i ka hakakā), i lako me "Valentine. " . nā pahu pahu. ʻO ka brigade, he ʻāpana ia o ka hui XXX, i ka wā i kapa ʻia. i ka wā o ke kaua ʻelua o El Alamein, ua hui pū ʻo ia i nā māhele o nā pēpē (Australian 8th Infantry Division, British 9th Infantry Division, New Zealand 51st Infantry Division, 2nd South Africa Infantry Division a me 1st Indian Infantry Division). Ma hope mai, ua hakakā kēia pūʻali koa ma ka lālani Mareta i Pepeluali a me Malaki o ka lā 4, a laila komo i ka hoʻouka kaua Italia, ʻoiai he hui kūʻokoʻa. I ka pūnāwai o 1943, ua hoʻololi ʻia i UK a hoʻololi ʻia i nā howitzers 1944 mm, no laila ua lilo ia i pūʻali koa puʻupuʻu.

ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua ma Bishopah ka 142nd (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, i lako me kēia mau kaʻa ma Tunisia i Mei-Iune 1943. A laila, komo kēia pūʻali koa i ke kaua ma Sicily, a ma hope ma Italia ma ke ʻano he hui kūʻokoʻa. i loko o ka pūʻali koa 8. Ma mua koke o ka hoʻololi ʻana e hoʻoikaika i nā pūʻali i pae i Anzio i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1944, ua hoʻolako hou ʻia ka pūʻali koa mai ka Bishop i nā pū M7 Priest. Mai ia manawa, hoʻohana wale ʻia nā pīhopa no ke aʻo ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o Libya, Tunisia, Sicily a me Italia hema, ʻaʻole i komo nā pū o kēia ʻano i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe o nā hana kaua.