ʻO ka ʻaila, diesel, biofuel, autogas. Eia ka ʻike o nā ʻano wahie like ʻole!

Pono ka wahie no ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻa. Eia naʻe, ke ʻano o ka wahie e pono ai kāu kaʻa e pili ana i kāna mīkini. Diesel, hydrogen, bioethanol… He mea paʻakikī paha i kekahi manawa ke hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o nā wahie, ʻoi aku ko lākou ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ka wahie ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kāu kaʻa?

ʻO ka mea mua, he mea nui e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka wahie e koho ai ma nā keʻena kinoea. Inā ʻaʻole e hana pēlā, hiki ke hopena i ka pōʻino nui i ka ʻenekini o kāu kaʻa. ʻO ia ke kumu i hōʻuluʻulu ai mākou i kahi ʻike ma lalo kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā wahie he nui i loaʻa ma UK. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka wahie e pono ai kāu kaʻa, e nānā i ka manual kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka manual o ka mea nona ka kaʻa.

He aha nā ʻano wahie?

Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kahi pūʻulu i hui pū ʻia o nā lepili wahie ma EU i ʻOkakopa 2018, hiki ke hoʻohilahila iā ʻoe kekahi mau lepili a me nā inoa. E nānā i lalo.

Kelepona Diesel

Ua lilo ʻo Diesel i ka wahie i koho ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻaila i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka wahie Diesel he ʻekolu ʻano.

• B7 ʻo ia ka mīkini diesel maʻamau i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Loaʻa iā 7% o kahi biocomponent i kapa ʻia ʻo fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
• B10 ii he ʻano hou o ka wahie diesel i loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka biofuel a hiki i ka 10%. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ma UK, akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Farani.
• XTL he wahie diesel synthetic a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia mai ka ʻaila. Aia kekahi hapa o ia mea mai ka aila paraffinic a me ke kinoea.

Kalapana

E like me ka diesel, aia 3 ʻano nui o ka ʻaila. E ʻike mau ʻia kēia ʻano wahie e kahi pōʻai E (E no ka ethanol).

• E5 pili i nā lepili SP95 a me SP98. Loaʻa iā ia a hiki i ka 5% bioethanol, kahi wahie i hana ʻia mai nā mea mahiʻai e like me ke kulina a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
• E10 he ʻano ʻaila ia me 10% bioethanol. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ma UK, akā hiki paha e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i 2021.
• E85 aia ka 85% bioethanol. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma UK, akā hiki ke loaʻa ma ʻEulopa, ʻoi loa ma Farani, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo superethanol.

Autogas

• SPG kū no Liquefied Natural Gas a he mea maʻamau ia no nā kaʻa kaumaha.
• H2 ʻo ia hoʻi ka hydrogen. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia wahie, ʻaʻole ia e hana CO2. Eia naʻe, nui ka ikehu e hana ai.
• CNG, a i ʻole kinoea maoli i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ke kinoea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā hale. He methane i mālama ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
• LPG ʻo ia hoʻi ke kinoea ʻaila liquefied. ʻO kēia wahie ka hui pū ʻana o ka butane a me ka propane.

He aha ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka wahie automotive ma UK?

Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kaʻa, pono e aʻo hou e pili ana i nā ʻano wahie like ʻole i loaʻa a ʻo wai ka mea kūpono me ke kaʻa. A i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke loli ka ʻāina o nā ʻano wahie i ka lawe ʻana o nā huila bioethanol hou ma luna o ka mākeke a neʻe mākou i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hiki mai ana.

I ka nui aʻe o nā kaʻa ma ʻEulopa e lilo i wahie ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki i ka petrol ma UK ke loaʻa i nā biofuels hou aʻe, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he hopena pōkole ma mua o ko mākou neʻe ʻana i kahi ʻauwaʻa kaʻa uila. Pehea ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ke aupuni e pāpā i ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā kaʻa ʻaila a me nā kaʻa diesel e 2040, pono e hōʻike i nā hana e maʻalahi i kēia hoʻololi.