ʻO nā puka keʻokeʻo he mea hoʻokahi i kahi mea hoʻokahi
Me he mea lā, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā lua ʻeleʻele. Ma ka makemakika, ua pono no hoi lakou. I ka pōkole, maikaʻi inā ola lākou. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike no kēia.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka hiki ʻana o nā lua keʻokeʻo e ka cosmologist Pelekane a me ka astrophysicist Freda Hoilea i ka makahiki 1957 a laila Lūkini Igor Dmitrievich Novikov i ka makahiki 1964. Manaʻo ʻia nā mea o kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he ʻano Nā hāʻina Schwarzschild, ka mea e wehewehe ana i ke kahua umekaumaha a puni ka nui spherically symmetric, ʻaʻole i kahuli e like me ka hōkū, ka honua, a i ʻole ka lua ʻeleʻele.
Ua ʻōlelo ke kānāwai ʻelua o ka thermodynamics e hiki ke hoʻomau a hoʻonui paha ka nui o ka entropy i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka entropy ulu o nā lua ʻeleʻele kūpono i kēia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi puka keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao - e hoʻemi ana i ka entropy, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia mai ka ʻike o ka physics i ʻike ʻia e mākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka physics a mākou i ʻike ai he hopena kūpono i ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ʻo lākou, aia kekahi physics kahi e hāʻule maoli ai ka entropy. No laila, hiki mākou i kahi hopena hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia o ka manaʻo o nā lua keʻokeʻo e like me ia. multivshehsaint.
Kekahi kanaka 'epekema manaʻo i keʻokeʻo puka - he hopena a me ka "hope aoao" o ka 'eleʻele lua - no hoi i loko o ko kakou aina, nae, no ka manawa pōkole loa, e nalo koke, "hilahila" o ka uhai ana i ka lua o ke kanawai o thermodynamics. . I ka makahiki 2006, ua ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi maʻi (i kapa ʻia ʻo 060614), he 102 kekona. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ia mau hanana, no laila ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka ʻālohilohi ʻana o ʻelua mau minuke i ke alapine kiʻekiʻe loa. Aia nā manaʻo he puka keʻokeʻo wale nō. Eia naʻe, no ka nui o nā astronomers, he kuhiakau hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia.
No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻopili kekahi mau mea noiʻi i ke ola o nā puka keʻokeʻo i quasars - nā mea ʻano hōkū nui e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka radiation electromagnetic mau. Akā naʻe, ua kāpae ka noiʻi akahele i kēia hiki.
Ma ka palena o ka ʻepekema, aia nā manaʻo e hiki ke hana i kahi wormhole e hoʻopili ai i kahi puka keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ia pilina i manaʻo ʻia e kahi physicist Kelemania i ka makahiki 1921. Herman Weil i ka wā o kāna noiʻi nui ma ke kahua electromagnetic. I nā makahiki ma hope ua hoʻomohala lākou i kēia manaʻo Albert Einstein ʻO Odraz Natana Rosennāna i hoʻomohala i ke kumu hoʻohālike alahaka ʻo Einstein-Rosen. ʻO kēia alahaka he ʻano ala pōkole e hoʻopili ai i ʻelua mau kiko i ke ao holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Novikov lāua ʻo Hoyle, ʻoiai ua komo nā lua ʻeleʻele i ka mea hiki ʻole ke pakele hou, aia paha nā mea e hoʻokuʻu aku iā ia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike hypothetical ma luna o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wormhole e hoʻopili ana iā ia i kahi lua ʻeleʻele. A laila aia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, no ka laʻana, e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia o kahi puka keʻokeʻo mai ka wā i hala me kahi lua ʻeleʻele maoli, e alakaʻi i ka hypothetically i ka hana ʻana i kahi mīkini manawa ...
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke alahaka ʻo Einstein-Rosen e hōʻike ana i ka huakaʻi ākea ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1962 he physicist ʻAmelika John Wheeler paʻi i kahi pepa e pili ana i ke alahaka ʻo Einstein-Rosen e paʻa loa. I kona manaʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke hele ma ia wahi, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka māmā, no ka mea, e pani koke ka tunnel. Inā e holomua kēia, a laila, e kiola ʻia ka mea e hāʻule ai i loko o ka lua ʻeleʻele ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka tunnel, mai ka puka keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia wale nō. i nā gif. ʻO nā ikaika nui, nā au a me ka ionization e hoʻohuli maoli i ka mea auwana i ka lepo a me nā mole.
No laila, i kēia manawa, ʻo nā puka keʻokeʻo he manaʻo wale nō. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe o mākou hōʻike o ko lākou ola ʻana. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻepekema he moʻolelo kēia, ʻoiai hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā kūkulu makemakika pono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻike maikaʻi i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka wahi a puni kahi lua ʻeleʻele. Ma muli o ka umekaumaha nui, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke puka i waho o ka mea i kapa ʻia hanana hanana. Wahi a nā manaʻo hoʻohālikelike hou, hiki i ka 100 miliona mau lua ʻeleʻele i kā mākou galaxy wale nō. Ua aʻo ʻia e nā ʻepekema nā mea i hiki ʻole i ka mālamalama ke pakele no nā makahiki he nui.
Puka ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo - model
ʻO ke ʻano o nā puka keʻokeʻo me he mea lā, ʻaʻole maopopo loa, akā naʻe, ke koi nei i nā mea manaʻo e hoʻopuka i nā kuhiakau. I ka makahiki 2014, ʻelua physicists - Carlo Rovelli ʻO Odraz Hal Haggard mai ke Kulanui o Aix-Marseilles ma Farani - i hoʻopuka i kahi ʻatikala a lākou i hōʻike ai i ke kumu hoʻohālike noonoo nui i loko o kahi ʻeleʻele i loko o kahi puka keʻokeʻo. Wahi a nā mea noiʻi, he mau milliseconds wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua kokoke koke ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe astrophysicists e ʻike ʻia nā lua ʻeleʻele no nā piliona makahiki no ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi ko lākou ʻumekaumaha i nā nalu māmā a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa. No laila, pono e hoʻomaopopo kekahi i ke kumumanaʻo e "loaʻa" nā puka keʻokeʻo, akā ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike iā lākou ma muli o nā hopena gravitational.
ma mua iki Nikodem Poplavski Ua hoʻopuka kekahi Pole e hana ana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Indiana i ka manaʻo e hiki i nā lua ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā universe hou. Wahi a kona manaʻo, ʻo ka Big Bang ka hopena o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻano mea hoʻokaʻawale i loko o kahi lua ʻeleʻele e noho nei ma kahi honua ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā puka keʻokeʻo e like me nā hopena o nā morph ʻeleʻele e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā koi i kēia manawa. Stephen Hawking mau makahiki i hala aku nei e pili ana i ka horizon hanana "soaring" a me ka nalo ʻana o nā lua ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻike a me ka ikehu i lawe mua ʻia e lākou.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe ʻike e hiki ke pakele i ka hanana hanana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lua ʻeleʻele mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike e pili ana i nā lua keʻokeʻo - inā paha lākou a ʻaʻole paha. A he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike inā loaʻa kekahi mea like me nā moʻolelo āpau a mākou e ʻike ai e pili ana i nā tunnels a me nā ʻīpuka i nā honua ʻē aʻe.
