Ho'āʻo hoʻokele Audi 100 LS, Mercedes 230, NSU Ro 80: kipi a me ka hana.

ʻEkolu mau keiki ikaika o ka turbulent 1968, e holo wikiwiki nei i luna.

Ua ʻoki ʻole lākou i nā pilina me kā lākou guild milieu - he hōkū ʻeono-cylinder ma kahi o ka diesel rustic, kahi limousine avant-garde ma kahi o kahi dwarf Prinz, kahi papa hōʻoluʻolu haʻuki ma kahi o kekahi mamo o ka ʻohana ʻelua-stroke. ʻO nā kipi, e like me kou ʻike, hoʻomaka pololei ma ke alanui.

He kipi ʻo ia, he keiki maoli o 68, he hōʻailona o ka hoʻolohe ʻole kīwila. ʻO kāna kiʻi nani maʻalahi me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me ka māmā ʻItalia pololei i lanakila ma luna o ka technocrat mai ka ʻākau. "Kaʻa nani, kaʻa nani loa," wahi a ke kanaka nui, ʻaʻole paʻakikī, ʻaneʻane hoʻi i loko o ka ʻike, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hele mālie a puni kahi kumu hoʻohālike plasticine unahi 1: 1 huna ʻia ma hope o kahi pale.

Audi 100: keiki makemake ʻole ʻia

Ma mua o kēia, ua manaʻo ʻo VW CEO Heinrich Nordhof e hoʻopau i ka hana ʻana o kahi moʻolelo hoʻohālike Audi liʻiliʻi (60 - Super 90) me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mīkini medium-pressure i mea e hoʻohuli ai i Ingolstadt-based Auto Union, i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1965 e Daimler- Benz, i loko o kahi mahi honu maʻamau. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mana o ka hale hana i hoʻopilikia ʻia, 300 mau kaʻa Volkswagen i ʻōwili i kāna mau laina hui i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma ka pili ʻana i kēia mau hoʻolālā, ua pāpā ʻo Nordhof i ka mea hoʻolālā nui ʻo Audi ʻo Ludwig Kraus a me kāna hui e komo i nā hana e hoʻomohala i kahi kumu hoʻohālike hou. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia kēia no ke ʻano hoʻomohala o Kraus, a ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana malū. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia ke kanaka nāna i hoʻohuli i ka DKW F 102 i kahi kaʻa maikaʻi loa no kona manawa, ʻo ia ka Audi mua me ka ʻehā-cylinder engine. Ua lawe ʻia ka ʻenekini ma ke ʻano he "ʻeke lawe" e kāna mea hana mua ʻo Daimler-Benz, he 1,7-lita bbw koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Mexico, ʻo ia, ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe compression ratio o 11,2: 1, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea o ke keʻa ma waena. he hapalua-gasoline. , semi-diesel.

No Kraus, nāna i hoʻolālā i nā pua kālā o Mercedes i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, he makemake maoli ka hoʻolālā kaʻa. Me ke noi ikaika, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia iā Nordhof a me ke poʻo o Audi Leading i ka manaʻo o kahi kaʻa liʻiliʻi hou e hoʻopiha ai i ka niche mākeke ma waena o Opel-Ford a me BMW-Mercedes: "E haʻuki, akā i ka manawa like. ʻoluʻolu, nani a ākea. Me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kikoʻī a me ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo Opel a i ʻole Ford. Aia ʻekolu pae o ka mana a me nā mea hana mai 80 a 100 hp. E noʻonoʻo paha mākou i kahi coupe, "i moeʻuhane ai kahi ʻenekinia makemake nui i ka ʻenehana.

Audi 100 - "Mercedes no nā ʻelele"

I ka manawa i hoʻolauleʻa ai ke kaʻa nui hou i kāna premiere ma ka 1969 Geneva Motor Show, ua hoʻohewahewa kekahi mau loiloi i ka manaʻo he Mercedes ia. Ua hoʻolaha koke aku ka moniker ʻoʻoleʻa "Mercedes no ka hope aliʻi." ʻAʻole loa ʻo Ludwig Krauss i hōʻole ʻaʻole ʻo ia no ke kula Stuttgart. I ka makahiki 1963, ua hui pū ʻo ia me Auto Union ma hope o 26 mau makahiki ma Daimler-Benz a ke hāpai nei i loko o kona koko i nā kūlana estetika o nā kaʻa hōkū ʻekolu a me ka manaʻo Mercedes maʻamau no kēlā me kēia kikoʻī. I kēia lā, ua puka mai ka Audi 100 mua loa mai ka moʻo W 114/115, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻo Linear Eight (/ 8). ʻO ka Delft blue 100 LS, i hoʻokomo ʻia i kā mākou hoʻohālikelike, hōʻike haʻaheo i kona kūʻokoʻa ʻenehana. ʻO ka mana puka ʻelua puka, i hoʻolauna ʻia i ke kauwela 1969, e kahakaha ana i ka nani hanohano o kāna mau laina.

ʻO ka Mercedes 230 ʻōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele i hoʻokū ʻia me ka maluhia ma kahi kokoke i ke ʻano Ingolstadt. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nānā aku, akā hāʻawi ia i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻa ma mua o ka kaila o ka Audi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā aerodynamic. No ka Audi 100, hōʻike ka mea hana i ka coefficient Cx 0,38 i hoʻohana ʻia. me ka NSU Ro 80 ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa kēia waiwai (0,36).

He ʻoluʻolu ke alo o Audi, ʻaneʻane minoʻaka. I loko nō o ka demonstrative komo i ʻehā mau apo ma waenakonu o ka radiator grille, ʻaʻole kaʻa e uku i ka hoʻohanohano i ke kuʻuna e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka Mercedes, e ʻoluʻolu a koʻikoʻi hoʻi mai nā kihi a pau. Deep i loko o kona ʻuhane, ma kahi o ka ʻōpū o kona ʻenekini akahai me ka ʻehā o nā bearings ʻehā, he kipi ia a me ka ʻelele o kahi "mea hou" i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻolālā. I loko o ka makahiki o nā keaka alanui Parliamentary keu i ka makahiki 1968 ua lanakila loa kēia kaila ma Mercedes, e pani ana i ka nani nani o nā limousine finned i makaʻu i ka hapa nui o kāna mau maʻamau.

Nā hoʻonā ʻenehana kipi - "ka maʻamau ma ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka papa waena."

ʻO ka ʻenehana naʻe, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Audi 100 LS mai Mercedes i ka hiki. ʻO ka hoʻokele wili mua e like me ka maʻamau no Auto Union e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaʻa tension maʻalahi ma ka ʻaoʻao o hope. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā punawai coaxially i hui ʻia a me nā mea e weliweli ai (e like me MacPherson strut) ma mua, ua hana ʻo Kraus a me kāna hui i kahi chassis e hoʻohui i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka huakaʻi hoʻomaha lōʻihi me ke kaohi maikaʻi.

Ma hope, i kahi mana i hoʻololi ʻia o 1974, ʻo ka hoʻomaha hope me nā puna coaxial a me nā mea e haʻalulu e hāʻawi i ke kaʻa me nā ʻano haʻuki. Wahi a ka hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike kaʻa otomobila i lawe ʻia i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻo ke k modelkohu ʻo "ke ana hoʻohālikelike no ka palekana o ke ala ma ka ʻaoʻao waena kiʻekiʻe".

ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻenekini Audi 100 kaomi pākīkī kumu e like ʻole me ia iho. I ka 1973 Delft uliuli LS, hana like ia, a he mele hohonu hohonu pelu ʻia mai ka muffler. Me ka hōʻemi kūʻē ʻana o ka lakio pāʻālua i 10,2 a me 9,7: 1, ua nalowale ke kani walaʻau ʻole.

Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ʻōwili nui ʻana o ka hoʻohuihui hana i ke poʻo o ka paukū me ke kahe o ke keʻa, noho mau ka ʻenekini e like me ke kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā a hoʻomohala i kahi ikaika no ka wikiwiki waena mai 2000 rpm Mālama ka Volkswagen-hoʻomohala ʻekolu wikiwiki wikiwiki i ka ʻano kūlohelohe a me ka hoʻokele kiʻekiʻe hou o kahi ʻenekini ʻehā me nā kiwikā o luna a me ka camshaft lalo. Me kahi lako gas e ʻoi aku ka maopopo, hoʻololi ʻia me ka lohi maikaʻi.

"Line-eight" - he mea hoʻonāukiuki palupalu me kahi chassis hou

Ke kaumaha a me ka unwieldy 230.6 Automatic mea paakiki e hahai aku i ka malamalama a me ka agile Audi 100. Kona nui eono, i loko o ka "Pagoda" (230 SL) kani i ka tense, eia mau noho kaohi a malie hawanawana i ka typical intonation o Mercedes. ʻAʻohe hiʻohiʻona haʻuki - ʻoiai ʻo ka camshaft ma luna.

He akahai ka mana lita o ka ʻenekini ʻenekoe, no laila he ola lōʻihi ia. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ka ʻenekini me kahi kaʻa nui a kaumaha e holo mālie a maikaʻi hoʻi, a ʻoiai ma kahi hele pōkole a puni ke kaona hāʻawi i ka mea hoʻokele i ka manaʻo ua hele ʻo ia ma ke ala no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Lilo kēlā huakaʻi i huakaʻi. ʻO kēia ka ikaika o kēia mea lako pono 230, a ma kahi o ka sunroof a me ka sunroof uila, aia nā puka aniani mua, nā puka aniani a me ka hoʻokele mana. ʻAʻole wale ka nui, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka Audi i loko e hoʻomālamalama hou i ka mahanahana a me ka hauʻoli, akā ʻo ka veneer wahie lahilahi ke nānā aku me he mea lā e like me ke kalaʻohe ʻohe o nā noho me ka contour maikaʻi a me ka ulana umu.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea hoʻonāukiuki hoʻi ka W 114,ʻoiai ma keʻano maʻalahi. Ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano chassis a me ka ʻenehana, ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi au hou - aloha i ka axle hope oscillating a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pahu kīʻaha ʻehā. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i haʻalele hou ʻo Daimler-Benz ma ke ʻano o ke ala dynamics, akā hoʻokokoke i ka maʻamau BMW no kahi axle hope tilt-strut, kahi e hoʻohālike mau ai ka hiʻohiʻona wāwae a me ka huila.

Mālama maʻalahi ʻia i ke ʻano kihi, kokoke i ka palena o ka hana tractive, me ka ʻole o ka makemake nui e hānai, a me ke ʻano paʻa o ka huakaʻi ma lalo o ke kaho kaumaha ma nā wikiwiki wikiwiki e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "Linear Eight" ma mua o ka S-Class ma laila. ʻAʻohe o nā hoʻohālikelike 1968 i hoʻohālikelike e kū ma ke ala me ka mālie, me kahi punawai kaumaha a paʻakikī hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka hopohopo o nā kaʻa holo mua ʻelua, akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki.

Ro 80 - ka mīkini o ka wā e hiki mai ana

Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka maiʻa melemele NSU Ro 80, i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hana ʻē aʻe i ka lawelawe ʻana me kāna chassis paʻakikī e pili ana i kahi kāʻei alo MacPherson strut mua a me kahi koʻi lipi hope. ʻO Crucial eia ka māmā e like me ke keiki, ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ke kihi ʻana, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele ZF kuhikuhi pololei me ka ʻūlū a me ka pinion. He mele nō hoʻi nā paleki. Me kāna mau ʻenehana loea, hoʻomanaʻo ka Ro 80 i kahi Porsche 911. He mea kūpono paha ke kau nei nā kaʻa ʻelua i nā huila paʻa Fuchs? A hele maikaʻi kēlā melemele a me ka ʻalani me nā mea ʻelua?

Akā me ka mahalo piha, e nā hoa makamaka o ka motika Wankel, pono mākou e ʻae i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai inā ʻeha ʻoe. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole ia ka ʻenekini rotary revolusione akā ʻo ke ʻano hana-aesthetic a me nā chassis sophisticated me ke ʻano o ke ala maikaʻi e manaʻo paʻa ai ka NSU Ro 80 a hiki i kēia lā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aloha i kahi ʻenekini me ka mana, keu hoʻi inā ʻoe i kipaku iā BMW 2500 ma mua. ʻO ke kani kiʻekiʻe o ke kani o ke kani kiʻekiʻe he mea hoʻomanaʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana ʻelua-paukū ʻelua paukū ʻelua. Hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ka ʻenekini kaulike, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o kēlā manawa.

ʻO ka hoʻoili wikiwiki ʻekolu, semi-automatic a semi-automatic e hōʻoia i ka ʻike kalaiwa i nā manawa āpau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā poʻe i makemake nui i nā revs kiʻekiʻe, a me ka nāwaliwali e like me ke kaona, ka ʻenekini Wankel, a lilo ia i nimble wale me nā kia ʻelima.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Ro 80 i ke kaʻa ma ke kūlanakauhale nui. ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o kahi kaʻa nui, kahi i hana ai ka mana o 115 hp ma aneʻi. hiki ole ke kapaia ua lawa. ʻO kona aupuni ke ala nui, e holo mālie a me ka haʻalulu ʻole i ka wā e hōʻike ai ka speedometer i 160. Maanei, lilo koke ka mea palupalu a kūpono ʻole me ka lawe ʻana ʻo Wankel i hoa aloha.

ʻEkolu mau huapalapala like ʻole e lilo i mau hoaaloha

ʻO ke ala ākea a me ka huila lōʻihi e kōkua i ka Ro 80 e noho maikaʻi ma ke ala. Mahalo i kona ʻano kahawai, ʻoluʻolu ke kaʻa me 12 liters no 100 km, a ke mele nei ka ʻenekini KKM 612 i kahi mele e pili ana i kahi honua hou kupaianaha a me ka maʻalahi o ka Wankel maʻalahi. Hoʻohuli kāna rotor eccentric ma luna o ka trochoid a, me he mea lā he hoʻokalakupua, hoʻololi mau i ka wahi i loko o ke keʻena, a laila hopena ka ʻāpana o nā hana ʻehā. ʻAʻohe lele a i lalo e pono e hoʻohuli i ka neʻe rotary.

ʻO ka loko o ka NSU Ro 80 nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoluʻolu, kokoke i ka hana austere. Ua kūlike ia me ke ʻano avant-garde o ke kaʻa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻa i makemake ʻia. ʻO ka upholsteryʻeleʻele mai ka Audi 100 GL a hoʻomau i ka nānā paʻa a me kaʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻopāʻana i ke kaiapuni hou. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo Ro 80 ke ʻano o ke kaʻa manaʻo e hoʻopili ai - ua lawe nui ʻia. ʻAʻole kūpono ka Mercedes 230 no kēia kumu.

ʻO kahi kokoke loa i koʻu puʻuwai ʻo Audi 100. Inā ʻaʻole kēia kaʻa - hānau ʻia i ka ʻeha, hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau ʻia a me kahi makana undeniable - i kēia lā ʻaʻole loa ʻo Audi. Koe wale no ka inoa o kahi hi'ohi'ona Volkswagen.

ʻIkepili TECH

Audi 100 LS (k modelkohu F 104), manuf. 1973 g.

ʻO ENGINE Model M ZZ, ʻenekini ʻehā o ka wai i loko o ka ʻenekini laina, ke poʻo o ka paukū ʻāpana alumini, ke poʻo hina hao hina, crankshaft me ʻelima mau bearings, camshaft hoʻokahi ala (kipaku ʻia e ke kaulahao duplex), nā valves offset, lifter a me nā mea hoʻoheʻe pōhaku , pistons me ka lae concave, (Chiron rula) hoʻoneʻe 1760 cc (hānau x hahau 3 x 81,5 mm), 84,4 hp ma 100 rpm, max. 5500 Nm ikehu @ 153 rpm, 3200: 9,7 pālākiō lākiō, hoʻokahi Solex 1/32 TDID ʻelua pae o ke kahe o ke kahe uila, ʻūpā uila, 35 aila ʻenekini ʻenekini L.

KA HOʻOLOLI Mana. ʻO ka hoʻokele wili mua me ka ʻenekini i mua o ka axle mua a me ka pahu pahu ma hope o ia, pahu pahu manual ʻehā wikiwiki (Porsche sync), pahu pahu koho ʻekolu wikiwiki me ka hoʻololi hoʻololi (hana ʻia e VW).

Kino a hāpai hoʻi Ke kākoʻo ponoʻī i nā kino a pau o ka metala, ke koʻi mua me nā punawai coaxially i hoʻopili ʻia a me nā mea hoʻopūʻiwa (MacPherson strut) a me ʻelua mau triangular struts, stabilizer, axle ʻoʻoleʻa tubular hope, struts longitudinal, spring torsion and torsion bar steering rack with toothed rack, front disc, wawahi pahu hope, na iwi kuamoʻo 4,5 J x 14, nā pika 165 SR 14.

NĀ MEA A ME NĀ KAUMI Lōʻihi 4625 mm, ka laulā 1729 mm, ke kiʻekiʻe 1421 mm, ke ala mua / hope 1420/1425 mm, ke kaʻa uila 2675 mm, kaupaona ʻo 1100 kg, pahu 58 l.

NĀ ANA DYNAMIC A ME Kālā Max. ka wikiwiki 170 km / h, 0-100 km / h i 12,5 kekona, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahie (petrolina 95) 11,8 l / 100 km.

Nā lā hana a me nā ʻano Audi 100, (hoʻohālikelike 104 (C1) mai 1968 a 1976, 827 474 mau laʻana, o 30 687 coupes i loaʻa.

Mercedes-Benz 230 (W 114), proizv. 1970

ENGINE Model M 180, hoʻoluʻolu ʻia ka wai i ka ʻenekini ʻeono-ʻenekini, ke poʻo o ka pahu kukui māmā, hina hina hao, crankshaft me nā bearings ʻehā, hoʻokahi camshaft ma luna (kipaku ʻia e ke kaulahao duplex), nā pale kaulike kaulike, kipaku ʻia ka leo o nā lima pōhaku 2292 cm3 (hanau x hahau 86,5 x 78,5 mm), 120 hp @ 5400 rpm, ka nui o ke aniani 182 Nm @ 3600 rpm, ka lākiō hoʻowahāwahā 9: 1, ʻelua Zenith 35/40 INAT ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu kūpikipiki kūhoho, ʻōwili ahi, 5,5 aila ʻenekini ʻenekini.

POWER GEAR Rear-wheel drive, 4-speed manual transmissions, koho 5-speed transmission a i ʻole 4-speed transmitter automation me ka paʻa uila.

Kino a hāpai hoʻi Ke kākoʻo ponoʻī i nā kino a pau-metala, kino a me nā ʻike haʻahaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia i ke kino, paepae mua me nā wishbones pālua a me nā puna coil, nā mea elima lahilahi, stabilizer, axle swing diagonal hope, kūmole i nā puna elastis, stabilizer, hoʻokele me ka pōpō popo hoʻoili, hoʻokele mana hou, nā paleki disc wili ʻehā, 5,5J x 14 mau huila, 175 SR 14 mau pika.

NĀ MEA A ME NĀ KAUMI Lōʻihi 4680 mm, ka laulā 1770 mm, ke kiʻekiʻe 1440 mm, ke ala mua / hope 1448/1440 mm, ke kaʻa uila 2750 mm, kaupaona ʻo 1405 kg, pahu 65 l.

NĀ ANA DYNAMIC A ME Kālā Max. ka wikiwiki 175 km / h, 0-100 km / h i 13,2 kekona, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahie (petrolina 95) 14 l / 100 km.

KA LĀ HANA O KA HANA A ME KA PALAPALA PALAPALA W 114/115, mai 200 D a 280 E, 1967–1976, 1 kope, nona ka 840 a me 753/230 - 230 kope.

NSU Ro 80, manuf. 1975 makahiki

MOTOR Model NSU / Wankel KKM 612, Wankel māhoe-rotor ʻenekini me ka wai anuanu a me ka peripheral omo, ʻehā-hahau hana pōʻaiapuni, hina hoʻolei hao hale, trochoidal keena me elisilized ka penaʻana, ferrotic hoailona iho la i na pā, 2 x 497 cm3 keʻena, 115 hp. mai ma 5500 rpm, ʻoi loa ke kiwikā 158 Nm ma 4000 rpm, ʻōnaehana lubrication hoʻoheheʻe, kaʻaila ʻenekini 6,8 liters, hoʻololi i ka nui o ka 3,6 liters, ka pauma paona no ka lubrication hou aʻe me nā pohō hana. Kahe ʻo Solex 35 DDIC ʻelua mau keʻena carburetor me ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ka hoʻā ʻana o ka uila kiʻekiʻe uila, hoʻokahi hunaahi hunaahi ma kēlā me kēia hale, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea me ka pauma ea a me ke keʻena ahi, ʻōnaehana hoʻopau me hoʻokahi paipu.

KA POWER TRANSMISSION Kaa huila mua, ka hoʻoili ʻakomi koho - ʻekolu-wikiwiki lawe lima, ʻakomi hoʻokahi pā maloʻo paʻa a me ka mea hoʻololi torque.

Kino a hāpai hoʻi Ke kākoʻo ponoʻī i nā kino kila āpau, paepae mua me nā puna i hoʻopili ʻia coaxial a me nā mea e weliweli ai (MacPherson strut type), transverse struts, stabilizer, tilting hope axle, coil spring, hou rubber elima strut a me ka hoʻokele huila, ʻelua mau paleki uila me ka paleki disc. , mea hoʻokonukonu ikaika, nā huila 5J x 14, nā huila 175 hp umikumāhā.

NĀ MEA A ME NĀ KAUMI Lōʻihi 4780 mm, ka laulā 1760 mm, ke kiʻekiʻe 1410 mm, ke ala mua / hope 1480/1434 mm, ke kaʻa uila 2860 mm, kaupaona ʻo 1270 kg, pahu 83 l.

NĀ ANA DYNAMIC A ME Kālā Max. ka wikiwiki 180 km / h, 0-100 km / h i 14 kekona, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahie (petrolina 92) 16 l / 100 km.

TERM OF PRODUCTION AND CIRCULATION NSU Ro 80 - mai 1967 a i 1977, he 37 kope.