Axle / suspension architecture: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...
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Pehea e holo ai ke kaʻa> Axle / suspension architecture: MacPherson strut, torsion bar, multi-link ...
ʻOkoʻa a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā deflection hoʻomaha, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻokele iā lākou ... No laila, e hoʻāʻo kākou e wehewehe i ke kūlana e like me ka hiki ma ka helu ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana i loaʻa.
ʻAno McPherson
ʻO kēia ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kaʻaahi. ma mua o kā mākou mau kaʻa, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma hope. Manaʻo ʻia kēia he ʻano hoʻoheheʻe kūʻokoʻa, e kū'ē ana i kahi axle paʻa a semi-rigid paha (ʻo kēlā me kēia huila he hahau e pili ana i ka mea ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa).
Aia i loko o lima, ʻaukā kūʻē и wāwae ikaika ka mea i hookomoia ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka mea hoʻopuʻi... Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia monobras no ka mea, hoʻokahi wale nō lima (triangle or rod). Akā hiki ke hana ʻia me nā lima ʻelua e hana i kahi huinakolu. He hana ia e hui pū ai ka hoʻokō ʻana et kumukūʻai haʻahaʻame ka poina ole i kana mea i lawe ai wahi liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻokuʻu kēia ʻōnaehana i ka nui o ka lewa, kahi mea maikaʻi no nā kaʻa cross-engined e lawe nui i ka laulā.
Ke hāʻule ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, lilo ke kihi o ka camber i mea ʻino, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi i ke kihi ʻana. Eia naʻe, ua kaupalena kēia ʻōnaehana i ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka geometric. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea e koho ʻia no ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai inā loaʻa nā mana ʻoi aku ka holomua o kēia ʻōnaehana (e ʻike i lalo). Hōʻike ka hui ʻalani i ka hui pōpō ma waena o ka lima (uliuli) a me ka hub (hina).
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o MacPherson a me Nick MacPherson
He maʻalahi ka ʻokoʻa, hoʻohana ʻo McPherson i ka lima "kūlana"ʻOiai ʻo pseudo McPherson e hoʻohana ana i kona lima i loko ʻano huinakolu... Maikaʻi loa
inoa kapakapa
ʻO MacPherson, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau (maikaʻi, kokoke i nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai). E hoʻomanaʻo e pono pono ʻo Macpherson i kahi pā anti-roll (eia ua pili i ka lima hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole i ka strut rocket) no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke axle mua ma ka longitudinal a ma hope. Ke loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau kaʻaahi kūʻokoʻa ma ka axle hoʻokahi, pono mākou i kahi anti-roll bar, e hāʻawi ana i ka loulou ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.
Eia ka pseudo-MacPherson, no ka mea, aia ka lima ma ka huinakolu. Inā hoʻokahi pā, ʻo ia ʻo MacPherson.
ʻO ka "bar" waena ka pahu cardan (hoʻouna i ka ikaika hoʻokele i nā huila). ʻO ka Rubber kahi uhi gimbal i loaʻa ka ʻaila. Maʻaneʻi, pili ka pā anti-roll i ka lima hoʻomaha.
He mau ʻano o nā kaula pseudo-MacPherson?
Pūnaehana pivot?
Loaʻa a ʻoi aʻe paha nā hoʻolālā mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenehana MacPherson. No nā koʻokoʻo ikaika loa, hoʻohana mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kūʻokoʻa, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele huila (kahi hui pōpō ma ka lever / triangle e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke huli hema a ʻākau paha). Hoʻopili kēia i ka hopena torque, ʻo ia hoʻi, huki ka hoʻokele i kekahi ʻaoʻao i ka wā e holo wikiwiki ai. I ka hui pū ʻana me kahi ʻokoʻa paheʻe liʻiliʻi, ʻae kēia i kekahi mau huki huki e hoʻokokoke i nā mea kanu mana ma ke ʻano o ka pono. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke kau i ka mana hou aʻe ma lalo o ka pā. No ka mea i ka wā e hoʻokele ai ke axle mua i ke kuhikuhi, ke kaumaha o ka mīkini a me ka traction, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.
ʻAno lima?
ʻO kēia ka MacPherson strut BMW 3 Series E90. Ua paʻakikī wau e hoʻohālikelike i nā kaha polū me nā lima, no ka mea, ua ʻāwili ʻia kāna hope. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke kihi kiʻi no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana. E hoʻomaopopo ua hoʻomāmā ʻia ke axle mua no ka mea ʻaʻohe kumu propeller i ka hihia o ka mea kanu mana.
ʻAxle Semi-rigid me ka pahu torsion
(Ma hope wale nō ma nā kaʻa waena: 90s)
ʻOiai aia kēia ʻōnaehana ma ke axle mua i ka wā ma mua, mai ka 80s / 90s ua kaupalena ʻia i ka lawelawe ʻana i ke axle hope. He hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa kēia inā loaʻa ʻelua mau pahu torsion (a i ʻole hoʻokahi wale nō paha), e kūʻē i kahi axle semi-rigid a i ʻole hoʻokahi haneli pakeneka. He ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai, akā no laila ua kaupalena ʻia kāna mau hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kaʻa waiwai nui e like me ka 100, 90, etc. o nā 106s.
Malia paha e kāhāhā kekahi, akā me kēia hāmeʻa ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo metala pololei, no ka laʻana i ... A ʻae, ʻaʻole he pūnāwai, akā he koʻokoʻo (pinepine ʻelua set) e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻa i ka lewa. (No laila e hoʻomaha) a no laila e pani i ka puna. Eia nō naʻe, pono ia i kahi mea haʻalulu e hoʻomalu i ka holo a pale i ka rebound. ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā ai ʻoe ma lalo o 106 e ʻike wale paha ʻoe i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻalulu (piston-like) me ka ʻole o ka pūnāwai.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻōnaehana ʻo ia ka ʻoihana ʻelua, ʻaʻole paʻakikī (e waiho i kahi lumi no ka noho ʻana a me ka ʻōpala) a maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka "pedigree", ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka multi-link (akā kaumaha!).
ʻO kēia ka pahu polū e lilo i kumu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua paʻa paʻa i nā helu 1 a me 2. ʻO 1 ka lever ('ōmaʻomaʻo "stretched lever") e paʻa ai ka huila, a ʻo 2 ka chassis o ke kaʻa. ʻAʻohe lōʻihi (e like me ka holoi ʻana me kahi lole pulu) a no laila ke pani nei i ka pūnāwai.
Aia ʻelua mau ʻalani torsion (alani). Hana kekahi me ka lima ʻākau a ʻo kekahi me ka lima hema. He hewa ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo he nui nā ala e hoʻolālā ai i kēia ʻōnaehana, no laila hiki ke ʻokoʻa (ka hapa nui o nā torsion bar) mai ke kaʻa a i ke kaʻa. Hiki i kēia mea hana ke hana i nā huila like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao hema a ʻākau.
A eia ka mea e hana ai i ke ola maoli (Peugeot 106): Hoʻokuʻu ke kaʻa i ka torsion bar i ka lewa a hoʻopaʻa ka mea hoʻopaneʻe haʻalulu i ka wikiwiki o ka huakaʻi e pale aku i kahi hopena puna / rebound e make ai ke ʻano o ke kaʻa.
Semi-rigid H-axis me ka puna helical
(nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaʻa transverse kaulana loa)
He ʻano ia o ka H-axis e hoʻopili maʻalahi i ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau (e like me nā lima elongated ʻelua i pili kekahi i kekahi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana). No laila, ua like ia me kahi axle paʻa, akā hiki ke maʻalahi ke koʻokoʻo e hoʻopili ai i nā axle ʻelua i hiki ʻole i ka pale ʻana o nā huila ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ke hoʻoikaika nui i kekahi i kekahi (no laila ʻaʻole hilinaʻi a kūʻokoʻa paha, akā. semiaxis). -paʻakikī a semi-kūʻokoʻa paha).
No laila, pono mākou i kahi pūnāwai ma ʻaneʻi, no ka mea, ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻohana hou i kahi pahu torsion e hoʻokuʻu ai i ke kaʻa i ka lewa, e like me ke ʻano o ka pahu torsion a mākou i ʻike mua ai. ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau ma Farani (no ka mea, hoʻohana mua ʻia ia no ka pana) a pani i ka ʻōnaehana torsion bar kahiko.
Ma kekahi mau kaʻa, hāʻawi ʻia ka pae komo me kahi axle hope semi-rigid, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoi aku o ka upscale e lawelawe ʻia me ka multi-link suspension.
Ma ʻaneʻi (Golf 4), ma waho aʻe o ka pā torsion, aia kahi puna helical. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻo nā pahu torsion wale nō ka "lawe" i ke kaumaha (ʻo ia ka hihia ma nā kaʻa paʻa he nui).
pehea ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu hope, axle, pūnāwai, mea hoʻohāhā a me ka huila piko)
Aia ma luna ke koʻi hope o ka Golf me kahi pahu torsion (ke lālā keʻa ʻeleʻele nui e komo pū ana me ka torsion bar) + pūnāwai coil no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a ma hope he piston damper no ka damping No laila ... -link to more powerful nā manaʻo
Triangulation pālua
(Ma mua a ma hope paha, ʻo kēia ka ʻōnaehana hanohano loa i ke ola ... ʻAʻohe mea maikaʻi aʻe!)
Eia ka iwi hope lua o ka Jaguar F-Pace.
He ʻano like kēia ʻōnaehana me MacPherson, akā i kēia manawa hoʻohana ia i ʻelua mau huinakolu. Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ia ma nā kaʻa hana kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻAʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ka mea haʻalulu i ka huila huila, akā i ka triangle haʻahaʻa (lalo). ʻO kēia ka ʻōnaehana maikaʻi loa e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi ka hiki ke hana i kekahi mau hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, he mea pono loa ia, no laila i ka hoʻokūkū, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa nā pono mai kahi kaapuni a i kekahi. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole kēia ʻōnaehana no ka heihei wale nō, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ia ma kekahi mau kaʻa e kēlā me kēia. Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā polyarms, no ka mea he nui nā triangles (hoʻokahi poʻohiwi = triangle), akā pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻōlelo, akā naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā polyarms o ka triangulation pālua. ʻO ka hemahema, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui ma mua o kekahi mau ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, ka mea maʻamau e hōʻemi i ka wahi boot a hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻokele huila mua (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻenekini).
E hoʻomanaʻo, aia kekahi koʻokoʻo hoʻopili pili (kahi e pale ai i nā huila mai ka like ʻole) a me kahi pā anti-roll i ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha e like me nā hoʻonohonoho i makemake ʻia.
E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻikuhi i ke koʻokoʻo koʻikoʻi (a i ʻole ke hoʻokele ʻana inā aia i mua) a i ʻole ka pahu anti-roll. ʻO ka hope, e like me nā kiʻi a pau ma kēia ʻaoʻao, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka wahi (a me ke ʻano) o nā booms a me nā hui pōpō mai kekahi kaʻa a i kekahi.
Eia ka Ferrari 360 Modena double wishbone. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi mau kaʻaahi paʻakikī (he mau levers me nā ʻano like ʻole).
Eia kekahi kiʻi maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo. Maanei mākou e ʻike ai ʻo ia ke axle mua e like me kā mākou ʻike ʻana i ka loulou hoʻokele.
Multibras
(Ma mua a ma hope paha, akā ma ka laulā ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka multi-link e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke axle hope. ʻO ka axle mua i nā loulou i kapa ʻia he virtual / offset double triangle).
Ua like loa ka ʻōnaehana me kahi iwi makemake ʻelua, e ʻae ai i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi axle torsion) mahalo i ka mana chassis ʻoi aku ka pololei a me ka naʻauao. Ma keʻano laulā, pili kēia i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka huila me nā lima he nui (4 a i ʻole 5) ma mua o ʻelua mau huinakolu no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana (ʻelua mau huila holoʻokoʻa e lawe i kahi ākea!). E hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole pono ke ʻano pololei o ko lākou hiʻohiʻona, ua like lākou me kahi ʻano "poʻo ʻole" o ko lākou poʻo no kekahi mau mana, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole like me nā triangles. Nui ka nui o nā ʻano hoʻolālā a pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lever he nui (hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo nā lāʻau hoʻohui a i ʻole, i ka pōkole, "metal rods") i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i ka laulā. ʻehā ou ʻelima (ʻo ka maʻamau 5 no ka axle hope a me 4 no ke axle mua). ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he transverse, a ʻo kekahi (hiki paha i ka lima) he longitudinal, ma ke ala like me ke kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, parallel. A laila nānā ʻia ʻo ia kīkoʻo lima.
E hoʻomanaʻo, aia kekahi koʻokoʻo hoʻopili pili (kahi e pale ai i nā huila mai ka like ʻole) a me kahi pā anti-roll i ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha e like me nā hoʻonohonoho i makemake ʻia.
ʻO kekahi hemahema ʻo ia ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana no ka mea ʻenehana loea. ʻO ka hopena, hiki i kekahi mau kaʻa me ka hoʻokele multi-link ke hōʻeha i nā pailaka e manaʻo hou aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kōkua kamepiula i ka hana a nā ʻenekinia, a laila hiki iā lākou ke nānā i kā lākou hopena ma ka pale, me ka ʻole e hoʻokō i nā hoʻokolohua ma ke ala.
ʻO ka lima lima "keu" (ʻo ia ka "lima lōʻihi") aia ma ke axle hope, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ma mua. Mālama kēia i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o ka hope o ke kaʻa i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī loa. Eia hou, ʻokoʻa ka wahi, ke ʻano o nā lever, a me kahi o nā hui kinipōpō mai kekahi kaʻa a i kekahi (a i ʻole mai kekahi ʻenekinia a i kekahi). He kiʻikuhi maʻalahi kēia e hōʻuluʻulu ana i ka hana.
Eia ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, ʻaʻohe lima maʻamau maʻamau o kahi axle hope loa. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo i kēia huikiʻi pālua me ia o lima nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka huinakolu luna e nā kaha ʻelua, a ʻo ka lalo ma kahi poloka, hōʻike nā pua ʻeleʻele i kēia mau mea. ʻIke mākou i kēia ʻano hana ma luna o ka A4 a me Peugeot 407, e hōʻike ana he akamai loa ka liona wahine!
ʻO kekahi manaʻo e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke ʻano
Axle ʻaʻa / rigid axle
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana rustic e kaupalena ana i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka paʻa alanui ʻaʻole paha e loaʻa kahi kaʻa me kēia ʻano axle.
Hoʻopili ka mea hope i nā huila hema a me ka ʻākau me kahi lāʻau paʻa (axle hope wale nō). No laila, ke pā ka huila hema i ka huila, pili pū ia i ka huila ʻākau. Hoʻopili maʻamau lākou! Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho ma kekahi mau kaʻa XNUMXxXNUMX nui, me nā pickups. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōnaehana hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa.
ʻElua ʻano ʻano: ʻo ke axle paʻa mau a me ke axle paʻa ʻole hoʻokele (ʻaʻohe mea i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻokele i nā huila hope).
Watt Kaulike
ʻAʻole maʻamau, ʻo kēia ʻōnaehana axle hope e like me ka hui ʻana o kahi axle paʻa a me ka iwi hope. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻike ʻoe iā ʻoe iho i nā kiʻi ma ke wikiō ma lalo nei.
Opel Astra 2009: nā mea huna o kāna kaʻaahi ... na kahea-auto
Nā manaʻo a me nā pane āpau
Dernier manaʻo hoʻopuka i hoʻouna ʻia:
ʻO Fab (Lā: 2021, 01:25:06)
Aloha, makemake wau e ʻike inā loaʻa nā kaʻaahi hope likeota e hoʻololi i kekahi mau kaʻaahi ma ka peugeot 206 ... mahalo.
Il J. 8 pane (s) i kēia manaʻo:
(E ʻike ʻia kāu pou ma lalo o ka ʻōlelo ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana)
Kākau i ka manaʻo hoʻopuka
He aha ke kumu nui āu e kūʻai ai i kaʻa uila?
