ʻO ke aupuni silika ʻAmelika

ʻO ka leo o ka manaʻo i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o Intel i Iulai e noʻonoʻo ana ka ʻoihana i ka hana ʻana i waho, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻailona ai i ka hopena o kahi au i lanakila ai ka hui a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka ʻoihana semiconductor. Hiki ke neʻe ka neʻe ma mua o Silicon Valley, e pili ana i ke kālepa honua a me ka geopolitics.

ʻO ka hui Kaleponi mai Santa Clara ka mea hana nui loa o nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia no kekahi mau makahiki. Hoʻohui kēia hōʻailona i nā mea hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa a me nā mea kanu kaʻina hana hou loa. ʻO ka mea nui, aia nō ʻo Intel i nā hale hana i ka US, aʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana hana US chips pani ʻia a kūʻai aku paha i nā hale hana hale i nā makahiki i hala aku nei a hoʻopuka i nā mea hana i waho i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui ma Asia. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Intel ʻo ka paʻa ʻana o ka hana ʻana i ka US ua hōʻoia i ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna huahana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻohana ka hui i ʻumi mau piliona kālā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna mau hale hana, a ua ʻike ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he kī nui i mālama i ka ʻoihana ma mua o ke koena o ka ʻoihana.

Eia naʻe, ʻo nā makahiki i hala iho nei he mau hanana maikaʻi ʻole no Intel. Ua hāʻule ka hui i ka hana hoʻomākaukau nā wafer silika me ka lithography 7 nm. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hemahema, akā pono e hana ʻia. ʻO nā huahana 7nm mua i hana ʻia i kā mākou mau ʻoihana ponoʻī ma ke ʻano nui i manaʻo ʻia ma 2022.

Wahi a nā hōʻike media, ʻo Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC), i kēia manawa ka mea hana semiconductor alakaʻi honua, e hana i nā chips Intel (1). ʻO nā pilikia me ka hoʻololi ʻana i 7nm, a me ka hana ʻana i nā hana ʻē aʻe, alakaʻi iā Intel e ʻaelike me TSMC e hana i kekahi o kēia mau chips i ke kaʻina hana 6nm. ʻO ka mea hou aku, ʻōlelo ʻia nā hōʻike e maikaʻi ʻo TSMC no Intel pū kekahi. nā mea hana, i kēia manawa i nā kaʻina hana 5 a me 3 nm. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau nanometer Taiwanese, no ka laʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo TSMC's 6nm e pili ana i ka packing density like me ka Intel's 10nm. I kekahi hihia, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka TSMC, a aia ʻo Intel ma lalo o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū mau mai AMD a me NVidia.

Ma hope o CEO ʻO Bob Swan Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Intel e noʻonoʻo ana i ka outsourcing, ua hāʻule ke kumukūʻai o ka hui i ka 16 pakeneka. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Swan, ʻo ka wahi i hana ʻia ai ka semiconductor ʻaʻole ia he mea nui, ʻo ia ka 180 degere ʻokoʻa mai ka mea a Intel i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. He poʻomanaʻo kālaiʻāina ke kūlana, ʻoiai he nui nā poʻe kālai'āina ʻAmelika a me nā loea palekana aupuni i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻenehana holomua ma waho (ma ke ʻano ʻole i Kina, akā i nā ʻāina hoʻi i hoʻohuli ʻia e Kina) he hewa nui loa. ʻo kahi laʻana ʻokiʻoki i ka xenon ʻO Intel SA ka puʻuwai o nā kamepiula a me nā kikowaena data e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea kanu nuklea (e nānā pū: ), holo ka mokulele a me ka mokulele i nā ʻōnaehana ʻike a me ka ʻikepili. I kēia manawa, ua hana nui ʻia lākou i nā hale hana ma Oregon, Arizona, a me New Mexico.

Ua hoʻololi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā smartphones a me nā polokalamu kelepona ʻē aʻe i ka mākeke semiconductor. Ua lawe ʻo Intel i nā papahana ka hui ʻana o nā chipsets mobileakā ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻokau i ka mea nui, e hoʻokau mau ana i nā mea hana kamepiula a me nā kikowaena kikowaena. I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai pumehana atamai, Ua hoʻohana nā mea hana kelepona i nā mea hana mai nā hui e like me Qualcomm a i hoʻomohala i kā lākou iho, e like me Apple. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua hoʻopiha nā hale hana chip nui o TSMC o Taiwan i nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo Intel, TSMC e hoʻopuka ma mua o hoʻokahi piliona i ka makahiki. Ma muli o ka pālākiō, ʻoi aku ka ʻoihana Taiwanese ma mua o Intel i ka ʻenehana hana.

Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i waho i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana silika i ka lehulehu, ua hoʻololi ʻole ʻo TSMC i ke ʻano ʻoihana ʻoihana. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻoihana e hoʻokomo i nā laina hana, hiki iā lākou ke nānā aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā chips hou e hana i nā hana hou a me nā hana. He mea pale nui kēia no nā ʻoihana he nui. ʻO ka ʻenehana ʻenehana kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā o nā miliona, a ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka hana ponoʻī he mau piliona. Inā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i ka hope, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papahana hou.

No ka maopopo, ʻaʻole ʻenemi ʻo Taiwan no ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā ʻo ka kokoke a me ka nele o kahi pale ʻōlelo me ka PRC e hāpai i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka leakage o nā mea huna. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nalowale loa o ka hegemony US he ʻeha hoʻi, inā ʻaʻole i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā mea hana, a laila ma ke kahua o nā ʻano hana. ʻO AMD, kahi hui ʻAmelika, ʻo ka mea hoʻokūkū nui loa i Intel i ka mākeke pona a ma kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻo ia i nā huahana ma nā hale hana TSMC no ka manawa lōʻihi, hui pū ka ʻAmelika Qualcomm me ka pilikia ʻole me nā mea hana mai ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina, no laila ʻo Intel symbolically hōʻike i ka moʻomeheu ʻAmelika o ka hana chip ma ka ʻāina.

He ʻumi makahiki ma hope o ka Pākē

Aia ka ʻenehana Semiconductor i ka puʻuwai o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokele waiwai o US-China. Kūlike ʻole i nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ʻo Donald Trump ka mea i hoʻomaka i ke kau palena ʻana i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā mea uila i Kina. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Bans e hoʻolauna e Barack Obama, e hoʻolauna ana i kahi embargo ma ke kūʻai aku, me nā huahana Intel. Loaʻa nā ʻoihana e like me ZTM, Huawei a me Alibaba i ke kālā nui mai nā luna Kina e hana i kā lākou mau pahu. Ke hoʻohui nei ʻo Kina i nā kumuwaiwai aupuni a me nā ʻoihana no kēia. Aia nā papahana hoʻoikaika e hoʻohuli i nā poʻe loea a me nā ʻenekini akamai loa mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka mea nui ma ka mālamalama o ka ʻike ma luna, mai Taiwan.

Ua hoʻolaha aku nei ka US Department of Commerce ma hope ʻāpana semiconductor ʻAʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia aku i ka Huawei Kina me ka ʻae ʻole a me ka laikini mai ka US Department of Commerce. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i kēia mau hoʻopaʻi ʻo Taiwanese TSMC, i koi ʻia e haʻalele i ka hana no Huawei, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope.

I loko o kaua kaua Ua noho mau ʻo ʻAmelika i alakaʻi o ka honua a me ka mea hoʻolako nui loa o nā semiconductors, ʻoiai ʻo Kina ka mea kūʻai nui loa ma ʻAmelika. Ma mua o ka maʻi maʻi 2018, ua kūʻai aku ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i $ 75 biliona waiwai o nā chips semiconductor i Kina, ma kahi o 36 pakeneka. hana ʻAmelika. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana ma US e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka mākeke Kina. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki i nā hoʻopaʻi aupuni US ke hoʻopau i ka mākeke Kina e like me ka hana ʻana o nā Kina i kā lākou huahana ponoʻī, a i ka wā pōkole, e pōmaikaʻi nā mea hoʻolako chip mai Iapana a me Korea mai ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ka hakahaka i waiho ʻia e ka US.

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai Ke hoʻolilo nui nei nā Kina i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia ʻoihana.. Ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā kikowaena he nui, e like me ke kula kulanui ma waho o Hong Kong, kahi e hoʻolālā ai kahi hui o nā ʻenekini i alakaʻi ʻia e Patrick Yue i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia e Stanford i nā ʻāpana kamepiula no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hanauna hou o nā kelepona hana Kina. Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ka papahana e Huawei, ka hui kamaʻilio Kina a me ke kelepona.

ʻAʻole huna ʻo Kina i kona makemake e lilo i ka ʻenehana ponoʻī. ʻO ka ʻāina ka mea kūʻai nui loa a me ka mea kūʻai aku i nā semiconductor. I kēia manawa, e like me ka hui ʻoihana ʻo SIA, he 5 pakeneka wale nō. komo i loko mākeke semiconductor honua (2) akā hoʻolālā lākou e hana i 70 pakeneka. nā semiconductor a pau i hoʻohana ʻia e 2025, kahi hoʻolālā hoʻolālā i hoʻoulu ʻia e ke kaua kālepa US. He nui ka poʻe kānalua i kēia mau hoʻolālā, e like me Piero Scaruffi, ka mea kākau moʻolelo Silicon Valley a me ka mea noiʻi naʻauao, ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka poʻe Kina i kēia manawa ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki ma hope o nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e pili ana i ka ʻenehana silika, a ʻekolu a ʻehā mau hanauna ma hope o lākou. nā hui e like me TSMC. ma ke kahua o nā ʻenehana hana. ʻAʻohe ʻike o Kina hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe.

2. Māhele i ka mākeke semiconductor honua e like me ka hōʻike SIA i paʻi ʻia ma Iune 2020 ()

ʻOiai ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā chips, ua paʻakikī nā hoʻopaʻi US i nā hui Kina e komo i ka mākeke. A eia ke hoʻi nei mākou i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o TSMC a me Huawei, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā chips Kina e hana ma ka pūnaewele 5G Kirin (3). Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa ʻo Qualcomm i ka ʻae aupuni US e hoʻolako i nā snapdragons, ʻo ka Kina wale nō hāʻawi . No laila, ʻaʻole hiki i ka hui Kina ke hāʻawi i nā kelepona me nā chipsets o ka pae kūpono. He hāʻule nui kēia.

No laila, no ka manawa, ʻike ʻia ke hāʻule nei nā ʻAmelika, e like me ka pono e hoʻoili i ka hana e ka mea hana hoʻolaha hae nui ʻo Intel i Taiwan, akā ke hoʻouka ʻia nei ka poʻe Kina, a mamao loa ka manaʻo o kā lākou hana ʻana i ka mākeke silika. a hupo. No laila, ʻo kēia paha ka hopena o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ʻAmelika, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e puka mai kekahi hegemon ʻē aʻe.