waiwai pio ʻAmelika

V 80 ma ka ʻāina ʻo Hel, i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai me ka ʻenekini turbine e ka ʻenekinia Walther i ka makahiki 1942. ʻIke ʻia ka camouflage a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili liʻiliʻi.

I ka wā o ke kaua, ua loaʻa i nā moku kaua a pau ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia, koe naʻe nā submarines, kahi i waiho ʻia ai ka palena he 17 knots ma ka ʻili a me 9 knots ma lalo o ka wai - i ka manawa i kaupalena ʻia e ka hiki ʻana o ka pākaukau i kahi hola a me ka hapa a i ʻole. Ma mua, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha piha ʻia nā pila i ka wā luʻu.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 30, ʻo ka ʻenekini Kelemania. Helmut Walter. ʻO kona manaʻo, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenekini wela i pani ʻia (me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ea lewa) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie diesel ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu a me ka mahu e hoʻohuli ai i ka turbine. No ka mea he koi mua ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen no ke kaʻina puhi ahi, ua manaʻo ʻo Walter i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) me kahi ʻoi aku o 80%, i kapa ʻia he perhydrol, ʻo ia ke kumu i loko o kahi keʻena puhi ahi. ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe e pono ai no ka pane ʻana he sodium a i ʻole calcium permanganate.

Hoʻonui wikiwiki ka noiʻi

Iulai 1, 1935 - i ka wā i kūkulu ai nā moku Kiel ʻelua o Deutsche Werke AG a me Krupp i 18 mau ʻāpana o nā pūʻulu mua ʻelua o nā submarines kahakai (ʻano II A a me II B) no ka U-Bootwaffe wikiwiki loa - Walter Germaniawerft AG, no ka he mau makahiki i hana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i kahi submarine wikiwiki me ka lele mokulele kūʻokoʻa, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Kiel "Ingenieurbüro Hellmuth Walter GmbH", hoʻolimalima i hoʻokahi limahana. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i hui hou, ʻo "Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft" (HWK), kūʻai i kahi hana kinoea kahiko a lilo ia i kahua hoʻāʻo, e hoʻohana ana i 300 poʻe. I ka manawa o 1939/40, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mea kanu i ka ʻāina e kū pono ana ma ke kahawai ʻo Kaiser Wilhelm, e like me ka Kiel Canal (Kelemānia: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) i kapa ʻia ma mua o 1948, hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ma kahi o 1000 poʻe, a me ka noiʻi. ua hoʻonui ʻia i nā mokulele mokulele a me nā pūʻali honua.

I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Walther i mea kanu no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻenekini torpedo ma Ahrensburg kokoke i Hamburg, a i ka makahiki aʻe, ma 1941, ma Eberswalde kokoke i Berlin, kahi mea kanu no nā ʻenekini mokulele mokulele; A laila ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka mea kanu i Bavorov (Beerberg mua) kokoke i Lyuban. I ka makahiki 1944, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hale hana ʻenekini rocket ma Hartmannsdorf. Ma 1940, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kikowaena hoʻāʻo torpedo TVA (TorpedoVerssuchsanstalt) i Hel a ʻo kekahi hapa i Bosau ma ka loko Großer Plehner (hikina Schleswig-Holstein). A hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ma kahi o 5000 mau kānaka i hana ma nā hale hana ʻo Walter, a me 300 mau ʻenekinia. ʻO kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i nā papahana submarine.

I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapa, i ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani, textile, kemika a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau, a loaʻa ka paʻa nui (ma luna o 80%), pono no ka noiʻi ʻana a Walter, he pilikia nui ia no kāna mau mea hana. . ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia i kēlā manawa ma Kelemānia ma lalo o kekahi mau inoa camouflage: T-Stoff (Treibshtoff), Aurol, Auxilin a me Ingolin, a ma ke ʻano he wai kala ʻole ua hoʻoluu melemele ʻia no ka camouflage.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hana o ka turbine "anu".

ʻO ka decomposition o perhydrol i loko o ka oxygen a me ka wai mahu ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me kahi catalyst - sodium a calcium permanganate - i loko o kahi keʻena decomposition stainless steel (ʻo ka perhydrol he wai pōʻino, hoʻoweliweli kemika, hoʻoulu i ka oxidation ikaika o nā metala a hōʻike i kahi reactivity kūikawā). me nā aila). I loko o nā submarine hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka perhydrol i loko o nā bunker hāmama ma lalo o kahi hull paʻa, i loko o nā ʻeke i hana ʻia me nā mea mipolam e like me ka mipolam. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻeke i ke kaomi wai kai waho e koi ana i ka perhydrol i loko o ka paila kaomi ma o ka pahu pahu. Mahalo i kēia hoʻonā, ʻaʻohe pilikia nui me ka perhydrol i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua. Ua hānai ʻia ka perhydrol ma o ka pahu hoʻomalu i loko o ke keʻena decomposition i ka pauma uila. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka catalyst, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka perhydrol i ka hui ʻana o ka oxygen a me ka mahu wai, i hui pū ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi i ka waiwai mau o 30 bar a me kahi mahana a hiki i 600 ° C. Ma keia kaomi ana, ua huiia ka mahu wai e holo i ka turbine, a i ka hookui ana iloko o ka condenser, ua pakele ia iwaho, e hui ana me ka wai kai, oiai o ka oxygen ka mea i poha iki ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hohonu o ka hoʻokomoʻana i hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i ka pukaʻana o ka mahu mai kaʻaoʻao o ka moku a, no laila, ua ho'ēmiʻia ka mana i kūkuluʻia e ka turbine.

Ke kumu o ka hana o ka "wela" turbine

Ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia mea hana, me. pono e hoʻohana i ka paʻa triple pump i ka manawa like e hoʻolako i ka perhydrol, ka wahie diesel a me ka wai (ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi aila synthetic i kapa ʻia ʻo "decalin" ma kahi o ka wahie diesel maʻamau). Aia ma hope o ke keʻena palaho he keʻena hoʻopau porcelain. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo "Decalin" i loko o ka hui ʻana o ka mahu a me ka oxygen, ma kahi mahana o 600 ° C, e komo ana ma lalo o kāna kaomi ponoʻī mai ke keʻena decomposition i loko o ke keʻena kuni, e piʻi koke ana ka mahana i 2000-2500 ° C. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka wai wela i loko o ke keʻena hoʻoheheʻe wai i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka ʻeke wai, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka mahu wai a hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou i ka mahana o nā kinoea hoʻopau (85% wai a me 15% carbon dioxide) i 600°C. ʻO kēia hui ʻana, ma lalo o ke kaomi o 30 bar, hoʻonohonoho i ka turbine i ka neʻe, a laila kiola ʻia i waho o ke kino paʻa. ʻO ka mahu wai i hui pū ʻia me ka wai kai, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka dioxide i loko o ka hohonu o 40 m. E like me ka turbine "anu", ka piʻi ʻana o ka hohonu hohonu i alakaʻi i kahi hāʻule o ka mana turbine. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka pahu e kahi pahu pahu me kahi ratio o 20: 1. ʻO ka hoʻohana perhydrol no ka turbine "wela" he ʻekolu manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka "anu".

I ka makahiki 1936, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Walther i loko o ke keʻena ākea o ka hale moku "Kelemānia" i ka turbine "wela" mua, e hana kūʻokoʻa ana i ke komo ʻana o ka ea lewa, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā submarines, me ka mana o 4000 hp. (kokoke. 2940 kW).