Airbus: ʻO ka ʻoihana mokulele ʻEulopa o ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻāpana 1

ʻO ka A380, i kapa ʻia ʻo Airbus i ka mokulele hae o ka 21st century, ʻo ia ka mokulele mokulele nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO Emirates ka mea hoʻohana nui loa o ka A380.

ma ka hopena o 2018, ua kauoha ʻia he 162 kope, a he 109 ka mea i loaʻa. ʻO ke koena 53, akā naʻe, ua kāpae ʻia he 39, i pau ai ka hana ʻana o ka A380 i 2021.

ʻO ka Europa aerospace e hopohopo nei ʻo Airbus ka mea nui loa ma ka Old Continent a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hana nui loa o ka honua i nā mokulele a me nā helikopa, a me nā satelite, probes, nā kaʻa hoʻokuʻu a me nā mea lako ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hihia o nā mokulele mokulele me ka nui o nā noho he 100, ua lanakila ʻo Airbus me ka Boeing ʻAmelika no ke alakaʻi honua no nā makahiki he nui.

ʻO Airbus SE (Societas Europaea) kahi hui hui pū i helu ʻia ma nā kumukūʻai kūʻai o Paris, Frankfurt am Main, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​​​Valencia a me Bilbao. Aia ka 73,68% o nā ʻāpana i ke kahe ākea. ʻO ke aupuni Farani ma o Société de Gestion de Partitions Aéronautiques (Sogepa) nona ka 11,08% o nā ʻāpana, ke aupuni Kelemania ma o Gesellschaft zur Beteiligungsverwaltung GZBV mbH & Co. KG - 11,07% a me ke Aupuni o Sepania ma o Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) - 4,17%. Mālama ʻia ka hui e kahi papa alakaʻi o 12 poʻe a me kahi komite hoʻokō (papa) o 17 poʻe. ʻO Denis Rank ka luna o ka Papa a ʻo Thomas "Tom" Enders ka luna a me ka Luna Nui. Ke hana nei ʻo Airbus i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui (laina ʻoihana): ʻO Airbus Commercial Aircraft (a i ʻole Airbus wale nō) hāʻawi i nā mokulele mokulele kīwila me ka hiki ke oi aku ma mua o nā noho 100, Airbus Helicopters - nā helikopa kīwila a me ka pūʻali koa, a me ka Airbus Defence a me Space - mokulele mokulele (Military). ʻĀpana mokulele)), nā kaʻa lewa ʻole, nā ʻōnaehana kīwila a me nā pūʻali koa (Space system), a me nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio, naʻauao a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana (CIS).

ʻO ka A318 ke kumu hoʻohālike liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e Airbus. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu no ka mana 318-318 o ka A14 Elite (ACJ18).

Kiʻi ʻia: A318 i nā kala Frontier Airlines.

Aia ʻo Airbus SE i nā kuleana ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā consortium. Loaʻa iā Airbus Commercial Aircraft he 50% kuleana ma ATR (Avions de Transport Régional), kahi mea hana o 30 a 78-noho turboprops no nā kamaʻilio kūloko (ʻo ke koena 50% nona ka Leonardo). Loaʻa iā Airbus Defence a Space kahi kuleana 46% ma Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH, nāna e hoʻopuka i nā mea kaua Typhoon (nā hoa ʻē aʻe BAE Systems - 33% a me Leonardo - 21%) a he 37,5% ke kuleana ma ka hui pale MBDA (nā hoa ʻē aʻe BAE Systems - 37,5% a me Leonardo - 25%). ʻO ia wale nō ka mea nona ka STELIA Aerospace a me Premium AEROTEC, nā mea hoʻolako nui o ka honua i nā ʻāpana a me nā mea hana a me nā mea hana o nā hale no nā mokulele kīwila a me ka pūʻali koa. Ma Malaki 7, 2018, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Airbus i kāna ʻoihana ʻo Plant Holdings, Inc. Motorola Solutions, a ma ʻOkakopa 1, Héroux-Devtek Inc. he lālā o Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos SA (CESA).

I ka makahiki 2018, ua hāʻawi ʻo Airbus i kahi moʻolelo 93 mokulele mokulele i 800 mau mea kūʻai kālepa (82 ʻoi aku ma mua o 2017, piʻi 11,4%). Aia kēia mau mea: 20 A220s, 626 A320s (me 386 A320neos hou), 49 A330s (me nā A330neos mua ʻekolu), 93 A350 XWB a me 12 A380s. Ma kahi o 34% o ka huina o nā mokulele i hele i nā mea hoʻohana ma Asia, 17% ma ʻEulopa, 14% ma ʻAmelika, 4% ma Middle East a me ʻApelika a me 31% i nā hui hoʻolimalima. ʻO kēia ka ʻumikūmāono o ka makahiki ma ka lālani a Airbus i hoʻopaʻa ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā mokulele i kūʻai ʻia. Hoʻonui ʻia ka puke kauoha e 747 mau ʻāpana me ka ʻole o ka helu helu o 41,519 biliona euros a hiki i kahi helu moʻolelo o 7577 mau ʻāpana no ka nui o 411,659 biliona euros! Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o 2018, ua loaʻa iā Airbus nā kauoha no nā mokulele mokulele 19 o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā ʻano like ʻole mai nā mea kūʻai aku 340, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo 414. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mokulele Airbus 11 e nā mea kūʻai aku 763 ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Ma keʻano o nā helicopters, ua hāʻawiʻo Airbus Helicopters i nā'āpana 356 i ka makahiki i hala a loaʻa iā ia nā kauoha no nā pūnaewele pūnaewele 381 me ka waiwai helu o 6,339 billion euros. ʻO ka puke kauoha i ka hopena o ka makahiki i hōʻea i 717 mau ʻāpana waiwai he 14,943 biliona euros. Ua loaʻa iā Airbus Defence a me Space nā kauoha no ka waiwai helu ʻupena o € 8,441 biliona, e lawe ana i ka backlog i ka ʻāpana i ka € 35,316 biliona. ʻO ka nui o nā puke o nā kauoha no ka hui holoʻokoʻa i ka lā 31 Dekemaba 2018 he 461,918 biliona euros.

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokō ʻo Airbus SE i nā kūʻai hoʻohui ʻia o € 63,707 biliona, loaʻa kālā nui (EBIT; pre-tax) o € 5,048 biliona a me ka loaʻa kālā o € 3,054 biliona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2017, hoʻonui ka loaʻa kālā ma ka € 4,685 biliona (+ 8%), ka waiwai nui ma ka € 2,383 biliona (+ 89%) a me ka loaʻa kālā ma ka € 693 miliona (+ 29,4%). Loaʻa ka loaʻa a me ka loaʻa kālā no kēlā me kēia māhele (ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā poho ma ka ʻoihana cross-industry a me nā hana ʻē aʻe) i kēlā me kēia: Airbus Commercial Aircraft - 47,199 billion (+ 10,6%) a me 4,295 billion (+ 90%), Airbus Helicopters - 5,523 billion (-5,7, 366%) a me 48 miliona euros (+10,985%), Airbus Defence and Space - 4,7 billion euros (+676%) a me 46 miliona euros (+74,1%). No laila,ʻo ka māhele o Airbus Commercial Aircraft i ka huina kālā o ka hui he 8,7%, Airbus Helicopters - 17,2%, a me Airbus Defense and Space - 36,5%. Ma ka ʻāina, 23,297% o ka loaʻa kālā (€27,9 biliona) mai nā kūʻai aku ma Asia Pacific; 17,780% (17,5 billion) - ma ʻEulopa; 11,144% (10 billion) - ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau; 6,379% (2,3 biliona) - ma ka Hikina Waena; 1,437% (5,8 billion) - ma Latin America; 3,670% (3,217 billion) - ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ua lilo ʻo 14,6 billion euros ma ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo ia ka 2017% ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,807 (XNUMX biliona).

ʻO ka hānau ʻana o Airbus.

I nā makahiki 60, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hana mokulele ʻEulopa e nalo i ka hoʻokūkū honua i nā hui ʻAmelika ʻo Boeing, Lockheed a me McDonnell Douglas. ʻO nā mokulele mokulele ʻEulopa ua makemake nui e lele i nā mokulele ʻAmelika. Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, ʻo ke ala wale nō e kūleʻa ai - a i ka wā lōʻihi e ola ai i ka mākeke i nā mea āpau - ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana, e like me ke ʻano o ka papahana ʻo Concorde supersonic airliner. No laila, ʻelua mau pōmaikaʻi hou i loaʻa: ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻokūkū luhi a ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kaumaha kālā ma luna o nā hui pili (ua lawe kēlā me kēia hoa i kahi hapa o nā kumukūʻai papahana).

I ka waena o 60s, ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā poʻe kaʻa, ua hoʻolaha nā mea lawe ʻEulopa i ka pono o kahi mokulele hou me ka mana o ka liʻiliʻi o 100 mau noho, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā ala pōkole a me nā ala haʻahaʻa loa. Mahalo i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona, ua loaʻa koke i ka mokulele ka inoa inoa ʻole o airbus (airbus). I ka pane ʻana, ua hoʻomohala nā hui Pelekane ʻo BAC a me Hawker Siddeley i nā hoʻolālā mua e pili ana i kā lākou mokulele 1-11 a me Trident mua, ʻoiai ka French Sud Aviation i kūkulu i ka hoʻolālā no ka mokulele Galion. A laila, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Hawker Siddeley, me nā hui Farani ʻo Bréguet a me Nord Aviation, i kahi hoʻolālā mua o ka mokulele HBN 100. I ka huli ʻana, ua hoʻokumu nā hui Kelemania Komohana ʻo Dornier, Hamburger Flugzeugbau, Messerschmitt, Siebelwerke-ATG a me VFW i ka Studientgruppe Airbus (i kapa hou ʻia i ka inoa hou. Arbeitsgembuseinschaft Airbus), a ma Kepakemapa 2 1965 i hoʻololi ʻia i Deutsche Airbus), i mea e aʻo ai i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i kahi mokulele kūpono iā lākou iho a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i ka launa pū me nā hoa haole.

ʻO ka China Eastern Airlines A319 i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ʻo ia ka 320th AXNUMX ʻohana i ʻākoakoa ma Tianjin, Kina. ʻO FALC ka laina hui Airbus mua ma waho o ʻEulopa.

I ʻOkakopa 1965, ua hoʻololi nā mokulele ʻEulopa i kā lākou mau koi no ka Airbus, e hoʻonoho iā ia i kahi hiki o 200-225 mau noho, kahi ākea o 1500 km, a me nā kumukūʻai hana ma kahi o 20-30% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka Boeing 727-200. Ma kēia kūlana, ua pau nā papahana e kū nei. No ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Airbus, ua koho nā aupuni o Great Britain, Farani a me ka Federal Republic of Germany i hoʻokahi hui aupuni e hoʻomohala i ka papahana hou: Hawker Siddeley, Sud Aviation a me Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus. ʻO ke kumu no ka hana hou aʻe, ʻo ia ka papahana o kahi mokulele māhoe māhoe nui HBN 100, i kapa ʻia ʻo HSA 300. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake ka Farani i kēia inoa, no ka mea, i ko lākou manaʻo, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Hawker Siddeley Aviation, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau. mai nā hua mua o nā inoa o nā hoa ʻekolu. Ma hope o nā kūkākūkā lōʻihi, ua ʻae ʻia kahi inoa hoʻohālikelike A300, kahi i kapa ʻia ai ka leka A ʻo Airbus, a ʻo ka helu 300 ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā noho kaʻa.

Ma ka lā 15 o ʻOkakopa, 1966, ua noi nā hui ʻekolu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna i nā aupuni o ko lākou mau ʻāina me kahi noi e kākoʻo kālā i ka papahana mai nā waihona kālā mokuʻāina. Ma Iulai 25, 1967, ua kau inoa nā Kuhina o ka Economy a me / a Transport o Great Britain, Farani a me Kelemānia i kahi kuʻikahi mua "e hana i nā hana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā airbuses" me ka manaʻo e "hoʻoikaika i ka hana like ʻana o ʻEulopa ma ke kahua. o ka ʻenehana mokulele a no laila e hoʻolaha ana i ka holomua ʻenehana a me ka ʻenehana ma ʻEulopa ". Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike kikoʻī, i hoʻomaka i ka pae hoʻomohala o ka papahana, i Kepakemapa o kēlā makahiki ma Lākana. ʻO Farani a me UK e lawe i ka 37,5% o nā kumukūʻai o ka papahana i kēlā me kēia, a me Kelemānia 25%. Ua lilo ʻo Sud Aviation i hui alakaʻi, me ka ʻenekini Farani ʻo Roger Beteil e alakaʻi ana i ka hui hoʻomohala.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, e hoʻomohala ʻo Rolls-Royce i nā mīkini turbojet RB300 hou loa no ka A207. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenekini RB211, i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka mākeke ʻAmelika, e pili ana i ka hana ʻana ma ka RB207 i pau. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻoponopono hou nā mokulele ʻEulopa i kā lākou wānana o ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa i lalo.