ʻAtenai

Sepatemaba 4, 1939, ma kahi o 10:30, wai ma ka akau o Irelani. ʻO ka moku holo kaʻa Pelekane ʻo Athenia, ua torpedo ʻia i ke ahiahi ma mua e U30 ma mua koke o ka piholo ʻana.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻOkakopa i ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ma ka nūpepa Pelekane e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōʻino o ka moku holo kaʻa ʻo Athenia. Ma muli o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o kekahi puke e David Mearns, nāna i hoʻolaʻa i kekahi o nā mokuna no kēia moku, i hāʻule ʻia e kahi moku kai i ke au mua o ke kaua ma waena o Albion a me ka Third Reich. ʻOiai ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mearns ʻo ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i kahi robot ma lalo o ka wai e ʻae iā ia e ʻike i kahi mea i ʻike ʻia e ka sonar me ka hilinaʻi XNUMX%, ʻo ka inoa i loaʻa iā ia i nā makahiki o ka ʻimi kūleʻa (ua loaʻa iā ia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka pōʻino o ka USS Hood. ) hōʻike ʻia he hana hoʻokō wale nō kēia. ʻOiai e kali ana iā ia, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka moʻolelo o Athenia.

ʻO ka ʻauwaʻa o Cunard Line, kekahi o nā moku moku Pelekane ʻelua e hoʻomalu nei i nā kaʻa kaʻa ma waena o ka ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau, ua pilikia nui i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ma muli o nā moku kai Kaiser. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke uku ʻia nā pohō o nā moku i lawe ʻia mai Kelemania a ʻo nā laina laina e ola nei (7 o 18, me ka nui o Mauretania a me Aquitaine) pono ke kākoʻo ʻia e kahi neʻe hou. No laila, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻolālā ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hakakā nui i kāhea ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana i 14 mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā palena kālā i pale i ka puka ʻana mai o kekahi kanaka nunui wikiwiki loa, ʻo kēia manawa ka mea nui i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka huki ʻana i nā poʻe kaʻa i koi ʻole i ka wikiwiki, akā makemake i ka hōʻoluʻolu "wale nō" i ke kumukūʻai kūpono. E like me kēia mau koi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā hoʻolālā no nā moku me ka neʻe ʻana ma kahi o 20 a i ʻole 000 gross tons, me ka hoʻokahi funnel a me ka turbine drive, e hiki ai ke holo wikiwiki o 14-000 knots. ʻO ka Cunard design Nomenclature "A-class" ", i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Ausonia (15 BRT, 16 mau ohua), i komo i ka lawelawe ma ʻAukake 13.

ʻElima mau makahiki ma mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Anchor-Donaldson Company no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ʻehā mau mokuahi kaʻahele nona ka Donaldson Line ma nā ala mai Liverpool a me Glasgow a i Montreal, Quebec a me Halifax. Ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua nalowale ʻelua o lākou, "Athena" (4 GRT) a me "Laetitia" (8668 GRT), (ʻo ka mea mua i lilo i mea hōʻeha o U 8991 16 ʻAukake 1917, a me ka lua, a laila he moku haukapila. , hāʻule i uka i ka noe ma lalo o ke awa i ʻōlelo ʻia hope a nahā kona kiʻi). Ma muli o ka lilo ʻana o Anchor Line iā Cunard, ua hoʻomaka ka hui e kūkulu hou i nā ʻauwaʻa ma o ka lawe ʻana - mahalo i kahi hōʻaiʻē nui mai ka Commercial Bank of Scotland - kahi moku A-class i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o kekahi o ka Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co. ma Govan kokoke i Glasgow, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 53.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Athenia hou ma Ianuali 28, 1923. No hoʻokahi miliona 250 paona sterling, ua loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai aku kahi moku o ke ʻano hou no ia mau manawa, me ka neʻe ʻana o 000 gross tons me ka lōʻihi o ka hull o 13 m a me ka beam kiʻekiʻe o 465 m, me nā paila wahie wai a me 160,4 mau turbine mahu. ka mea i hoʻouna i kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana ma o nā pahu pahu ma 20,2 cardan shafts. Ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia e noho i 6 mau kaʻa ma ka Papa Kāpena a me 2 ma ka Papa III. Ma muli o ke kaohi ʻana o ka heluna o nā malihini e USA a me Kanada a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi, mai ka makahiki 516, ma hope o ke kūkulu hou ʻana o ka hale, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokipa i ka nui o 1000 mau kānaka i ka papa mua, 1933 i nā hale papa mākaʻikaʻi a 314 kanaka. ma ka papa III. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Anchor-Donaldson e hoʻowalewale i nā poʻe holo kaʻa me ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻo Athenia "ua loaʻa i nā pono āpau o kahi hōkele waiwai," akā ʻo ka poʻe i holo mua ma kekahi o nā moku nui o kēlā me kēia laina e ʻike lākou i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo, ʻoiai ma ka papa kuhikuhi. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻonui i ka ʻōlelo ʻana he moku kūleʻa loa ia; a hiki i ka makahiki 310, ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia kāna hana ʻana e ka hui ʻana, ka lepo, a me ke ahi.

Me kāna māhoe ʻo Letitia, i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka makahiki 1925, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Athenia i ʻelua o nā hui Anchor-Donaldson Line nui loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ʻana ma lalo o 5 pakeneka o ka holo ʻana o ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau. Ua hoʻokūkū mua ʻo ia me nā laina kaʻaahi ʻo Canadian Pacific Railway, e kāhea pinepine ana ma Halifax (i ka manawa i piholo ai, ua holo ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau huakaʻi, ʻo ka awelika o 12 lā). I ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ke kaʻa ma waena o ka ʻAkelanika i ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa no nā holo moku. Ma 1936, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka Hui Anchor a kūʻai ʻia kāna mau waiwai e kekahi o nā hoa, ua lilo ia i loko o nā lima o ka Donaldson Atlantic Line hou i hana ʻia.

I ka ikaika ʻana o ke ʻala o kekahi kaua ʻē aʻe ma ʻEulopa, ua nui aʻe nā wahi i lawe ʻia ma luna o nā moku e holo ana i ka ʻAkelanika. I ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo Athenia mai Glasgow i ka lā 1 Kepakemapa e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia, aia he 420 mau ohua ma luna o ka moku, me 143 mau kamaʻāina ʻAmelika. Mahope koke iho o ke awakea, mahope iho o ka hora 20 p. Ua haʻi ʻia ʻo James Cook, ʻo ia kona kāpena mai ka makahiki 00, pono ʻo ia e holo me ka ʻeleʻele ma ka wāwae i Liverpool. Ma laila, ua loaʻa iā ia nā ʻōlelo aʻo mai ka ʻAmiralty ma ke keʻena o ke kapena, e kauoha ana iā ia e zigzag a, ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana i ka Atlantika, e hahai i kahi ala ma ka ʻākau o ke ala maʻamau. Mai ka makahiki 136:1938 ua nui aku na ohua i kau aku maluna o Atenai - 13 o lakou. No laila, ua lawe ka moku i ka huina o 00 kanaka ma ka moku, oi aku mamua o ka mea mau. Citizens o Canada (546) a me ka USA (1102) hana brilliantly, me Pelekania passports - 469 ohua, mai continental Europe - 311. Ka hope hui i 172 kanaka o ka Iudaio kumu me German passports, a me Poles a me Czechs.

Akau o Irelani

Ma ka Poaono 2 Sepatemaba ma 16 Atenai i hoomaka ai e haalele i ka waha o ka Mersey. ʻOiai ma mua o kona hiki ʻana i ke kai akea, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu waʻa. I ka wā ʻaina ahiahi, ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā poʻe ohua e noho ana ma ka papaʻaina o ke kāpena i ka nānā ʻana o ka moku, a ʻo ka luna lekiō ʻo David Dawn e pane aku ai: "E ʻoluʻolu, mai hopohopo, e loaʻa ana kahi lole ola no ʻoe." He kumu paʻa kona mālama ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo a hoʻopunipuni paha, ʻoiai aia ma luna o ka moku he 30 mau waʻa ola, 26 mau lāʻau, ʻoi aku ma mua o 21 mau lole ola a me 1600 mau pahu ola. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā waʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā papa, ʻo kēlā me kēia o nā moku nui a me nā moku haʻahaʻa he 18 mau kānaka, a ʻo nā moku liʻiliʻi ma luna, i kaha ʻia me ka helu like a me ka huapalapala A, he 86. ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻokele ʻia e nā ʻenekini puhi ahi. ʻO ka huina, hiki i nā waʻa ke hoʻokipa i 56 mau kānaka, a ʻo nā waʻa - 3 mau kānaka.

Ma ka lā 3 o Kepakemapa, ma kahi o 03:40, ua hala aku kahi pōʻeleʻele a zigzagging ʻo Athenia i ka mokupuni ʻo Inishtrahull ma ka ʻākau o Ireland. Ma hope koke iho o ka hola 11:00, ua loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokani lekiō e hana ana i ka leka e pili ana i ke kūlana kaua ma waena o Great Britain a me ka Third Reich. Ua haʻi koke ʻia ka ʻōlelo i ka poʻe kaʻa me ka mālie. Ua kauoha pū ʻo Cook e hoʻokuʻu i nā waʻa a me nā waʻa a nānā ʻia nā mea kinai ahi a me nā wai wai. I ke ahiahi, ua hoʻomaka ka haʻalulu ma luna o ka moku, ʻoiai i kēlā me kēia minuke ka neʻe ʻana o ka moku mai nā wai weliweli. Ma hope koke iho o ka hola 19:00, ma ka māmā mau o 15 knots, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i kahi kūlana o 56°42′N, 14°05′W, ma kahi o 55 nautika mile ma ke komohana hema o Rockall. Maikaʻi ka ʻike maka, he makani māmā mai ka hema, no laila, hoʻokahi wale nō mika a me ka hapa ka nalu. Ua lawa naʻe kēia i mea e pale aku ai i ka hōʻike ʻana mai o nā poʻe kaʻa he nui no nā ʻaina ahiahi i hoʻomaka. Ua kokoke e hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka wā i paʻi ʻia ai ka hope o Athenia ma kahi o 19:40. Ua manaʻo koke ka nui o kona mau ʻauwaʻa a me nā mea holo kaʻa ua torpedo ʻia ka moku.

ʻO Colin Porteous, ke kolu o ka luna wati, ua hoʻoikaika koke i nā mea pani pani puka i loko o nā puʻu wai, hoʻoneʻe i ka telegarapa engine i ke kūlana "Stop" a kauoha i ka Don e hoʻouna i kahi hōʻailona pilikia. Haʻalele ʻo Kuke i kona wahi ma ka papaʻaina, hele akula ʻo Kuke i ke alahaka me ke kukui uila, no ka mea, ua pio nā kukui a pau o loko. Ma ke ala, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka papa inoa o ka moku ma ka hema, a laila hoʻopololei hapa a ʻoki. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ke alahaka, ua kauoha ʻo ia e hoʻāla ʻia ka mīkini hana pilikia a hoʻouna i kahi luna mechanical e loiloi i ka pōʻino. I ka hoʻi ʻana mai, lohe ke kapena ua hoʻopiha piha ʻia ka lumi ʻenekini, ua kahe nui ka poʻo e hoʻokaʻawale ana mai ka lumi paila, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka deck "C" ma kahi o 0,6 m, a ma ke kumu ma lalo o ka uhi. o ka paa helu 5. Ua haʻi pū aku ka luna mīkini iā ​​Kuke, ua lawa ka uila no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā pamu ke hoʻokō i kēlā kahe wai.