Nā mokulele honua 2020

Ua lawelawe ʻo PL Los Angeles i 28,78 miliona mau kaʻa a nalowale 59,3 miliona mau kānaka (-67,3%) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi American Airlines B787 ma kekahi o kāna mau mokulele i ke kahua mokulele.

I ka makahiki pilikia o 2020, ua lawelawe nā mokulele o ka honua i 3,36 biliona mau kaʻa a me 109 miliona mau tons o ka ukana, a ua hana nā mokulele kamaʻilio i 58 miliona mau hana hoʻokuʻu a pae. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua emi ka huakaʻi ea e -63,3%, -8,9% a me -43%. Ua hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ka pae o nā mokulele nui loa, a ua hōʻike nā hopena helu i ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus ma kā lākou hana. ʻO nā awa kaʻa nui loa ʻo China Guangzhou (43,8 miliona mau kaʻa), Atlanta (42,9 miliona mau kaʻa), Chengdu, Dallas-Fort Worth a me Shenzhen, a me nā awa ukana: Memphis (4,5 miliona mau tons), Hong Kong (4,6 miliona mau kaʻa kaʻa), Shanghai , Anchorage a me Louisville.

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, ʻo ia ka mea mau loa o ka nohona hou. ʻAʻole like ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka ea ma kekahi mau wahi o ka honua a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka pae hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻāina (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa ukana ma kahi awa nui ʻo ʻAsia a ʻAmelika paha ma mua o nā awa a pau o ʻApelika i hui pū ʻia). ʻO nā mokulele kamaʻilio a me nā mokulele e hana ana ma luna o lākou he mea nui o ka mākeke. Aia ma kahi o 2500 o lākou e hana ana, mai ka nui loa, e lawelawe ana i nā haneli he nui i kēlā me kēia lā, a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi loa, kahi e pae ai lākou.

Aia nā mokulele kamaʻilio ma kahi kokoke i nā agglomerations kūlanakauhale, a ma muli o nā koi palekana, nā wahi nui a me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka walaʻau, aia lākou ma kahi mamao loa mai ko lākou kikowaena (ma ka awelika ma ʻEulopa - 18,6 km). ʻO nā mokulele kamaʻilio nui loa ma ka honua ma ka ʻāpana: Saudi Arabia Dammam King Fahd (776 km²), Denver (136 km²), Istanbul (76 km²), Texas Dallas-Fort Worth (70 km²), Orlando (54 km²). ), Washington Dulles (49 km²), Houston George Bush (44 km²), Shanghai Pudong (40 km²), Kairo (36 km²) a me Bangkok Suvarnabhumi (32 km²). Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā hiʻohiʻona hana a me ka ʻenehana a me ka hiki ke lawelawe i kekahi mau ʻano mokulele, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokulele e like me ka ʻōnaehana o nā code reference. Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu a me kahi leka, kahi o nā helu mai 1 a 4 e hōʻike ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ala holo, a ʻo nā leka mai A a F e hoʻoholo i nā ʻāpana ʻenehana o ka mokulele. ʻO kahi mokulele maʻamau e hiki ke mālama i ka mokulele Boeing 737 pono e loaʻa ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 3C (runway 1200-1800m).

Hoʻohana ʻia nā code i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ICAO Organization a me ka IATA Air Carriers Association e koho i kahi o nā mokulele a me nā awa. ʻO nā code ICAO he mau leka ʻehā, ʻo ka leka mua kahi ʻāpana o ka honua, ʻo ka lua he ʻāina hoʻomalu a ʻāina paha, a ʻo nā mea hope ʻelua ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi mokulele i hāʻawi ʻia (no ka laʻana, EPWA - ʻEulopa, Polani, Warsaw). ʻO nā code IATA he mau leka ʻekolu mau leka a pili pinepine i ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhale kahi i loaʻa ai ke awa (no ka laʻana, OSL - Oslo) a i ʻole kahi inoa kūpono (no ka laʻana, CDG - Paris, Charles de Gaulle).

ʻO ke kahua mokulele Kina nui loa o ka honua, ʻo Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, i lawelawe i 43,76 miliona mau kaʻa (-40,5%). Ma muli o nā hopena ʻino loa o nā awa ʻē aʻe, ua piʻi ʻo ia i nā kūlana 10 i ka pae honua. ʻO China South Line A380 ma mua o ke awa.

ʻO ka hui e hoʻohui i nā mokulele ma ka honua ʻo ia ka ACI Airports Council International, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1991. Hōʻike i ko lākou makemake i nā kūkākūkā a me nā kūkākūkā me: nā hui honua (no ka laʻana, ICAO, IATA a me Eurocontrol), nā mokulele, nā lawelawe mokulele, hoʻomohala i nā kūlana no nā lawelawe mokulele mokulele. I Ianuali 2021, 701 mau mea hoʻohana i hui pū me ACI, e hana ana i 1933 mau mokulele ma 183 mau ʻāina. Aia ka 95% o nā kaʻa o ka honua ma laila, kahi e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo i nā helu o kēia hui ma ke ʻano he ʻelele no nā kamaʻilio mokulele āpau. Aia ʻo ACI World ma Montreal a kākoʻo ʻia e nā komite kūikawā a me nā pūʻali hana, a me ʻelima mau keʻena kūloko.

I ka makahiki 2019, ua loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā kālā he $180,9 biliona, me: $97,8 biliona. mai nā hana mokulele (no ka laʻana, nā uku no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā ukana, ka pae ʻana a me ke kaʻa) a me $72,7 biliona. mai nā hana non-aeronautical (no ka laʻana, ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lawelawe, ka ʻai ʻana, ka kaʻa a me ka hoʻolimalima hale).

Ka helu helu huakaʻi mokulele 2020

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawelawe nā mokulele o ka honua i 3,36 biliona ohua, ʻo ia hoʻi. 5,8 biliona ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua. No laila, ʻo ka emi ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa he -63,3%, a ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā awa o ʻEulopa (-69,7%) a me ka Middle East (-68,8%). Ma nā mākeke nui ʻelua o ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa e -59,8% a me -61,3%. Ma nā huaʻōlelo helu, ua nalowale ka heluna nui loa o nā kaʻa ma nā awa o ʻAsia a me nā Mokupuni Pākīpika (-2,0 biliona ohua), ʻEulopa (-1,7 biliona ohua) a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

I nā mahina mua ʻelua o 2020, ua hoʻokele ʻia nā mokulele ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina me ka ʻole o nā palena nui, a ua lawelawe nā awa i 1592 miliona mau huakaʻi i kēia hapaha, e helu ana no 47,7% o ka hopena makahiki. I nā mahina e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻailona ʻia kā lākou hana e ka nalu mua o ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus, i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka laka (blockade) a me nā mea paʻa i ka huakaʻi mokulele maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. Ua pau ka hapaha lua me 251 miliona mau kaʻa, ʻo ia ka 10,8% o ka hopena o ka hapaha makahiki o ka makahiki i hala (2318 97,3 miliona mau mea holo kaʻa). I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua pau ka hana ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa kaʻa, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hāʻule nui loa o ka hapaha hapaha ma nā awa ma lalo nei: ʻApelika (-96,3%), ka Middle East (-19%) a me ʻEulopa. Mai ka waena o ka makahiki, ua hoʻomaka mālie ke kaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka nalu lua o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea paʻa hou e pale ai i ka laha ʻana o Covid-737, ua lohi hou ka huakaʻi ea. I ke kolu o ka hapaha, ua lawelawe nā mokulele i 22 miliona mau kaʻa, ʻo ia ka 85,4% o ka hopena makahiki. E pili ana i ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hapaha hapaha nui o nā kaʻa ukana ma nā awa aʻe: ka Middle East (-82,9%), ʻApelika (-779%) a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua mālama ʻia nā mokulele he 78,3 miliona mau kaʻa i ka hapahā ʻehā, a ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka huakaʻi ea ma nā ʻāina i koho ʻia e nā palena huakaʻi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā awa ma ʻEulopa i ka emi ʻana o ka hapaha hapaha nui o ka holo kaʻa, ma -58,5%, ʻoiai ʻo nā awa ma Asia a me nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika (-XNUMX%) a me ʻAmelika Hema i loaʻa nā poho liʻiliʻi loa.