Nā mokulele honua 2019

Kūkulu ʻia ke kahua mokulele ʻo Hong Kong ma kahi mokupuni kūlohelohe me kahi ʻāpana o 1255 mau ʻeka, i hana ʻia ma hope o ka pae ʻana o ʻelua mau mea kokoke: ʻo Chek Lap Kok a me Lam Chau. ʻEono makahiki o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana a he $20 biliona kālā.

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawelawe nā mokulele honua i 9,1 biliona mau kaʻa a me 121,6 miliona mau tons o ka ukana, a ua hoʻokō ʻia nā mokulele kamaʻilio ma mua o 90 miliona mau hana hoʻokuʻu a pae. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā poʻe kaʻa e 3,4%, aʻo ka tonnage o ka ukana i hoʻemi ʻia e 2,5%. Aia nā awa kaʻa nui loa: Atlanta (110,5 miliona tons), Beijing (100 miliona), Los Angeles, Dubai a me Tokyo Haneda, a me nā awa ukana: Hong Kong (4,8 miliona tons), Memphis (4,3 miliona tons), Shanghai, Louisville a me Seoul. Ma ka papa Skytrax ma ka māhele hanohano o ka mokulele maikaʻi loa ma ka honua, ua lanakila ʻo Singapore, ʻoiai ʻo Tokyo Haneda a me Qatari Doha Hamad ma ka podium.

ʻO ka mākeke kaʻa mokulele kekahi o nā ʻāpana nui loa o ka hoʻokele honua. Hoʻoikaika ia i ka launa pū ʻana o ka honua a me ke kālepa a he kumu ia e hoʻoikaika ai i kā lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO kahi mea nui o ka mākeke ʻo nā mokulele kamaʻilio a me nā mokulele e hana ana ma luna o lākou (PL). He ʻelua tausani a me ka hapa o lākou, mai ka nui loa, kahi e hana ai nā mokulele i nā haneli he nui i ka lā, a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi loa, kahi e hana pinepine ʻia ai. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana awa a hoʻololi ʻia i ka nui o ka holo ʻana o ka ea i lawelawe ʻia.

ʻO Hong Kong ka mokulele kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua, nāna i mālama i 4,81 miliona tons o ka ukana. 40 mau mea lawe ukana e hana mau ana, me Cathay Pacific Cargo, Cargolux, DHL Aviation a me UPS Airlines.

Aia nā kahua mokulele ma kahi kokoke i nā agglomerations kūlanakauhale, a ma muli o ka palekana o ka hana o ka ea, nā wahi nui i noho ʻia a me ke kani ʻana o ka walaʻau, aia lākou ma kahi mamao loa mai ko lākou kikowaena. No nā mokulele ʻEulopa, ʻo ka awelika ka mamao mai ke kikowaena he 18,6 km. Ua kokoke loa lākou i ke kikowaena, me nā mea ma Geneva (4 km), Lisbon (6 km), Düsseldorf (6 km) a me Warsaw (7 km), aʻo ka mamao loa ʻo Stockholm-Skavsta (90 km) a me Sandefjord Port. Thorp (100 km), e lawelawe ana iā Oslo. Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona hana a me ka ʻenehana a me ka hiki ke lawelawe i kekahi mau ʻano mokulele, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokulele e like me ka ʻōnaehana o nā code reference. Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu a me kahi leka, kahi o nā helu mai 1 a 4 e hōʻike ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ala holo, a ʻo nā leka mai A a F e hoʻoholo i nā ʻāpana ʻenehana o ka mokulele. ʻO kahi aerodrome maʻamau e hiki ke hoʻokipa, no ka laʻana, Airbus A320 mokulele, pono e loaʻa ka helu haʻahaʻa o 3C (ʻo ia hoʻi. Ma Polani, loaʻa iā Chopin Airport a me Katowice nā code reference 1200E kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā code i hāʻawi ʻia e ICAO a me ka IATA Air Carriers Association e koho i nā mokulele a me nā awa. ʻO nā code ICAO he mau leka ʻehā a loaʻa kahi ʻāpana kūloko: ʻo ka leka mua e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka honua, ʻo ka lua e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāina hoʻomalu a ʻāina paha, a ʻo nā mea hope ʻelua e hōʻike i kahi mokulele kūikawā (no ka laʻana, EDDL - Europe, Kelemānia, Düsseldorf). ʻO nā code IATA he mau leka ʻekolu mau leka a pili pinepine i ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhale kahi i loaʻa ai ke awa (e laʻa, BRU - Brussels) a i ʻole kona inoa ponoʻī (e like me LHR - London Heathrow).

ʻO ka loaʻa kālā kālā o nā mokulele mai nā hana makahiki ma ka pae o 160-180 biliona kālā US. ʻO nā kālā i loaʻa mai nā hana mokulele i hoʻokumu nui ʻia mai nā uku no ka: lawelawe ʻana i nā mea kaʻa a me nā ukana i ke awa, ka pae ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu pilikia o ka mokulele, a me: de-icing a me ka wehe hau, pale kūikawā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hana lākou ma kahi o 55% o ka huina kālā o ke awa (no ka laʻana, ma 2018 - 99,6 biliona kālā US). Loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā ʻole o ka aeronautical ma kahi o 40% a loaʻa mai ka: laikini, kaʻa a me nā hana hoʻolimalima (no ka laʻana, ma 2018 - $ 69,8 biliona). ʻO nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i ka hana o ke awa i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻopau i ka 60% o nā loaʻa, ʻo ka hapakolu o ia mea i helu ʻia e ka uku o nā limahana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana mokulele he 30-40 biliona US.

ʻO ka hui e hoʻohui i nā mokulele ma ka honua ʻo ia ka ACI Airports Council International, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1991. Hōʻike ia iā lākou ma nā kūkākūkā a me nā kūkākūkā me nā hui honua (e laʻa me ICAO a me IATA), nā lawelawe mokulele a me nā mea lawe, a hoʻomohala i nā kūlana no nā lawelawe awa. I Ianuali 2020, 668 mau mea hoʻohana i hui pū me ACI, e hana ana i 1979 mau mokulele ma 176 mau ʻāina. ʻO 95% o nā kaʻa kaʻa o ka honua i hala i laila, kahi e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo i nā helu o kēia hui ma ke ʻano he ʻelele no nā kamaʻilio mokulele āpau. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā ʻikepili o kēia manawa e pili ana i nā hana awa e ka ACI i nā hōʻike o kēlā me kēia mahina, ma kahi o kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka hopena o ka hapaha mua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, a paʻi ʻia nā hopena hope i kekahi mau mahina ma hope. Aia ʻo ACI World i ke keʻena nui ma Montréal a kākoʻo ʻia e nā komite kūikawā a me nā pūʻulu hana a he ʻelima mau keʻena kūloko: ACI North America (Washington); ACI ʻEulopa (Brussels); ACI-Asia/Pacific (Hong Kong); ACI-Africa (Casablanca) a me ACI-South America/Caribbean (Panama City).

Ka helu helu 2019

I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawelawe nā mokulele honua i 9,1 biliona mau kaʻa a me 121,6 miliona mau tons o ka ukana. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka huakaʻi hele ma 3,4%. I kekahi mau mahina, ua mau ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa mai 1,8% a i 3,8%, koe wale nō ʻo Ianuali, kahi i 4,8%. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka dynamics kiʻekiʻe o nā kaʻa kaʻa ma nā awa o ʻAmelika Hema (3,7%), ʻo ka ulu ʻana ma muli o ka halihali kūloko (4,7%). Ma nā mākeke nui loa ma Asia-Pacific, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana ma waena o 3% a me 3,4%.

Ua loli nui ka halihali ukana, e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua. Ua emi iho ka mokulele mokulele honua e -2,5%, me ka hana maikai ole ma Asia Pacific (-4,3%), Amerika Hema (-3,5%) a me ka Middle East. ʻO ka hāʻule nui loa o ka ukana i hana ʻia ma Pepeluali (-5,4%) a me Iune (-5,1%), a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa - i Ianuali a me Kekemapa (-0,1%). Ma ka mākeke nui ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua emi loa ka emi ʻana ma lalo o ka awelika honua o -0,5%. ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana i ka makahiki i hala, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, kahi i hōʻemi ʻia ai ka halihali ukana, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 i ka hopena o ka makahiki (ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole. e nā mokulele ʻAsia).

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia nā awa o ʻApelika i ka hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka emi ʻana o nā kaʻa ukana, ʻo ia ka 6,7% a me -0,2%. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ko lākou kumu haʻahaʻa (2% mahele), ʻaʻole kēia he hopena koʻikoʻi ma ka pae honua.

Nā mokulele nui

ʻAʻohe hoʻololi nui i ke kūlana o nā mokulele nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO Atlanta ʻAmelika ke alakaʻi (110,5 miliona pass.), a aia ʻo Beijing Capital ma kahi lua (100 miliona pass.). Ma hope o lākou: Los Angeles (88 miliona), Dubai (86 miliona), Tokyo Haneda, Chicago O'Hare, London Heathrow a me Shanghai. Noho ʻo Hong Kong i ke awa ukana nui loa, e lawelawe ana i ka 4,8 miliona tons o ka ukana, a ukali ʻia e Memphis (4,3 miliona tons), Shanghai (3,6 miliona tons), Louisville, Seoul, Anchorage a me Dubai. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka helu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka pae ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui loa: Chicago O'Hare (920), Atlanta (904), Dallas (720), Los Angeles, Denver, Beijing Capital a me Charlotte.

No nā mokulele mokulele nui loa he kanakolu (23% o ka holo ʻana o ka honua), ʻumikumamākolu ma Asia, ʻeiwa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻehiku ma ʻEulopa a hoʻokahi ma ka Hikina Waena. ʻO kēia mau mea, he iwakāluakūmākolu i hoʻopaʻa i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaʻa, me ka hoʻoikaika nui i loaʻa: ʻo ka American Dallas-Fort Worth (8,6%) a me Denver, a me ka Shenzhen Kina. Ma waena o nā ukana nui loa he iwakālua i mālama ʻia e nā tonnage (40% o nā kaʻa), ʻeiwa ma Asia, ʻelima ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻehā ma ʻEulopa a ʻelua ma ka Hikina Waena. ʻO kēia, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻumikūmāhiku i hoʻopaʻa i ka emi ʻana o ke kaʻa, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo Bangkok's Thailand (-11,2%), Amsterdam a me Tokyo Narita. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka iwakāluakūmālima o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka pae ʻana, he ʻumikumamākolu ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻeono ma Asia, ʻelima ma ʻEulopa, a hoʻokahi ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kēia mau mea, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo 19 i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā kālepa, me ka ikaika loa o nā awa US: Phoenix (10%), Dallas-Fort Worth a me Denver.

ʻO ka mea hoʻoikaika ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa honua, ʻo ka dynamics o ia (4,1%) he 2,8% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka dynamics o nā mokulele kūloko (86,3%). ʻO ke awa nui loa e pili ana i ka nui o nā poʻe holo kaʻa honua ʻo Dubai, nāna i lawelawe i 76 miliona mau kaʻa. ʻO nā awa ma lalo nei i helu ʻia ma kēia hoʻohālikelike: London Heathrow (72M), Amsterdam (71M), Hong Kong (12,4M), Seoul, Paris, Singapore a me Frankfurt. I waena o lākou, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka dynamics nui loa e Qatari Doha (19%), Madrid a me Barcelona. ʻO ka mea nui, ma kēia kūlana, ʻo 34,3 wale nō ke awa ʻAmelika mua (New York-JFK - XNUMX miliona pass.).

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi metropolitan ma kahi o kā lākou agglomeration he mau mokulele o ke kamaʻilio. Aia ma: Lādana (nā kahua mokulele: Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, City a me Southend) - 181 miliona mau alahele; Nu Ioka (JFK, Newark a me La Guardia) - 140 miliona; Tokyo (Haneda a me Narita) - 130 miliona; Atlanta (Hurstsfield) - 110 miliona; Paris (Charles de Gaulle a me Orly) - 108 miliona; Chicago (O'Hare a me Midway) - 105 miliona a me Moscow (Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo a me Vnukovo) - 102 miliona.