He poʻokela honua ʻole ʻo Adolf Andersen mai Wroclaw.

ʻO Adolf Andersen kahi mea pāʻani chess Kelemania koʻikoʻi a me ka mea piliwai pilikia. I ka makahiki 1851, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka ho'okûkû honua nui mua loa ma Ladana, a mai ia manawa a hiki i ka makahiki 1958, ua 'ike 'ia 'o ia ka mea pâ'ani chess ikaika loa ma ka honua ma ka honua chess. Ua iho ʻo ia i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he mākaʻikaʻi kupaianaha o ke kula hui, ke ʻano aloha i ka chess. ʻO kāna mau pāʻani nui - "Immortal" me Kizeritsky (1851) a me "Evergreen" me Dufresne (1852) i ʻike ʻia e ke akamai o ka hoʻouka kaua, ka hoʻolālā ʻike mamao a me ka hoʻokō pololei ʻana o nā hui.

mea pāʻani pīkī Kelemania Adolf Anderssen ua pili ʻo ia me Wrocław i kona ola ʻana (1). Ma laila ʻo ia i hānau ai (Iulai 6, 1818), aʻo a make (Malaki 13, 1879). Ua aʻo ʻo Andersen i ka makemakika a me ke akeakamai ma ke Kulanui o Wroclaw. Ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kula, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ka hale haʻuki, ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo a laila ma ke ʻano he polopeka o ka makemakika a me Kelemania.

Ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā lula o ka chess mai kona makuakāne i ka ʻeiwa o kona mau makahiki, a i ka wā mua ʻaʻole ʻo ia i mākaukau loa. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i ka honua chess i ka makahiki 1842 i kona hoʻomaka ʻana e hōʻuluʻulu a hoʻopuka i nā pilikia chess. I ka makahiki 1846, ua hoʻolimalima ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuka o ka nūpepa hou ʻo Schachzeitung, i kapa ʻia ma hope aku ʻo Deutsche Schachzeitung (German Chess Newspaper).

I ka makahiki 1848, ua huki ʻole ʻo Andersen me Daniel Harrwitz, a laila ka poʻokela kaulana o ka pāʻani wikiwiki. ʻO kēia kūleʻa a me ka hana a Andersen ma ke ʻano he mea kākau moʻolelo chess i kōkua i kona koho ʻana e pani iā ​​​​Gelemania ma ka hoʻokūkū chess nui mua ma 1851 ma Lākana. A laila kāhāhā ʻo Anderssen i ka elite chess ma ka hahau ʻana i kona mau hoa paio.

pāʻina make ʻole

I loko o kēia hoʻokûkû, ua pâʻani 'o ia i ka pâʻani lanakila me Lionel Kieseritzky, a ma laila 'o ia i kaumaha mua ai i Bihopa, a laila, 'elua rooks, a i ka hope ke alii wahine. ʻO kēia pāʻani, ʻoiai ua pāʻani ʻia ma ke ʻano he pāʻani hoaloha i ka hapalua manawa ma kahi hale ʻaina ʻo Lākana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā pāʻani kaulana loa i ka mōʻaukala o ka chess a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka make ʻole.

2. Lionel Kizeritsky - ʻO ka hoa paio o Andersen i ka pāʻani make ʻole

ʻO ka hoa paio o Andersen Lionel Kieseritsky (2) ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma Farani. He malihini maʻamau ʻo ia i ka Café de la Régence kaulana ma Paris, kahi āna i hāʻawi ai i nā haʻawina chess a pāʻani pinepine i nā ʻaha kūkā (ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā mea kūʻē i ka pōmaikaʻi, e like me ka pawn a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻani).

Ua pāʻani ʻia kēia pāʻani ma Lākana i ka wā hoʻomaha o ka hoʻokūkū. Ua paʻi ka makasina chess Farani ʻo A Régence i ka makahiki 1851, a ua kapa ʻia ka pāʻani ʻo Ernst Falkber (luna hoʻoponopono nui o ka Wiener Schachzeitung) i ka pāʻani "immortal" i ka makahiki 1855.

ʻO ka Immortal Party kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke ʻano pāʻani o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, i ka wā i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lanakila ma muli o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki a me ka hoʻouka ʻana. I kēlā manawa, kaulana nā ʻano like ʻole o ka gambit a me ka counter-gambit, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ka waiwai waiwai. Ma kēia pāʻani, ua mōhai ʻo White i ke aliʻi wahine, ʻelua rooks, kahi pīhopa a me kahi pawn i mea e hoʻokomo ai i kahi hoa nani me nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i 23 neʻe.

Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, Lādana, 21.06.1851/XNUMX/XNUMX

1.e4 e5 2.f4 ʻO ka King's Gambit, kaulana loa i ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻaʻole ia i kaulana i kēia manawa no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono nā pono kūlana o White no ka mōhai pawn.

2…e:f4 3.Bc4 Qh4+ Nalo iā White i ke kākela, akā hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ke aliʻi wahine ʻeleʻele. 4.Kf1 b5 5.B:b5 Nf6 6.Nf3 Qh6 7.d3 Nq5 8.Sh4 Qg5 9.Nf5 c6 ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pāʻani ʻana i 9…g6 e kipaku aku i ka lele pōʻino a White. 10.g4 Nf6 11.G1 c:b5?

Loaʻa ka ʻeleʻele i ka waiwai waiwai, akā nalo kona pono kūlana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o 11…h5 12.h4 Hg6 13.h5 Hg5 14.Qf3 Ng8 15.G:f4 Qf6 16.Sc3 Bc5 17.Sd5 H:b2 (kiʻi 3) 18.Bd6? Hāʻawi ʻo Andersen i nā hale kiaʻi ʻelua! He kūlana kūlana nui ka White, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole, no ka laʻana, ma ka pāʻani ʻana i 18.E1, 18.Ge3, 18.d4, 18.Ed1. 18… G: g1?

3. Adolf Andersen – Lionel Kieseritzky, kūlana ma hope o 17… R: b2

ʻO ka hoʻoholo hewa, pono e pāʻani 18… Q: a1 + 19. Ke2 Qb2 20. Kd2 G: g1. 19.e5!

Hoʻolaʻa i ka hale kiaʻi ʻelua. ʻOki ka e5-pawn i ke aliʻi wahine ʻeleʻele mai ka pale o ke aliʻi a hoʻoweliweli i kēia manawa 20S: g7+Kd8 21.Bc7#. 19… R: a1 + 20.Ke2 Sa6? (kiʻi 4) Pale aku ka naita ʻeleʻele iā ia iho i 21 Sc7+, e kūʻē ana i ka mōʻī a me ka rook, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka pīhopa i c7.

4. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, kūlana 20 ... Sa6

Eia nō naʻe, he hoʻokahi hoʻouka kaua koʻikoʻi ʻo White. Pono e pāʻani i 20… Ga6. 21.S: g7+ Kd8 22.Hf6+.

Hāʻawi pū ʻo White i ke aliʻi wahine. 22… B: f6 23. Be7 # 1-0.

5. Adolf Andersen - Paul Morphy, Paris, 1858, kumu:

Mai ia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Anderssen ka mea pāʻani chess ikaika loa ma ka honua. I Kekemapa 1858, ua hele ka mea hoʻokani chess Kelemania i Palika e hālāwai me ka poʻe i hele mai i ʻEulopa. Paul Morphy (5). Ua lanakila ʻo Andersen maikaʻi i ka mea pāʻani chess ʻAmelika (+7 -2 = 2).

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Anderssen i ʻekolu manawa me ka 1.a3 ʻokoʻa i ka hapa lua o ka pāʻani, a ma hope i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wehe ʻana o Andersen. ʻAʻole i lawe mai kēia wehe i kahi kūleʻa i ʻike ʻia i nā mea pāʻani keʻokeʻo (1,5-1,5) a ʻaʻole loa i hoʻohana ʻia ma hope i nā pāʻani koʻikoʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me ka mana o ke kikowaena. ʻO nā pane maʻamau a Black, ʻo ia ka 1...d5, e hoʻouka pololei ana i ke kikowaena, a me 1...g6, kahi hoʻomākaukau no ka fianchetto, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka queenwing nāwaliwali o ke keʻokeʻo.

No Morphy, ʻo ia ka pāʻani koʻikoʻi loa, i manaʻo ʻia e ka lehulehu he hoʻokūkū hoʻokûkû honua ʻole. Ma hope o kēia hāʻule ʻana, noho ʻo Anderssen i ka malu o ka mea hoʻokani chess ʻAmelika no ʻekolu makahiki. Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka pāʻani ikaika i ka makahiki 1861, e lanakila ana i ka hoʻokūkū chess round-robin honua mua ma Lākana. A laila, lanakila 'o ia i 'umikūmālua pā'ani mai ka 'umikumamākolu, a ma ke kahua i lanakila 'o ia, ua ha'alele 'o ia, a me nā mea 'ē a'e, ka po'okela honua hope loa 'o Wilhelm Steinitz.

I ka makahiki 1865, ua loaʻa iā Andersen ka inoa hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe loa - ke poʻo inoa o ke kauka honoris causa o ke Kulanui o Wroclaw, i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna kumu philosophical maoli. Ua hana ia ma ka manawa o ka 100th anniversary o ka Gymnasium. ʻO Frederick ma Wroclaw, kahi i hana ai ʻo Andersen ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka German, makemakika a me ka physics mai ka makahiki 1847.

6. Adolf Andersen ma ka papa chessboard, Wroclaw, 1863,

kumu:

Ua lanakila 'o Andersen i ka ho'okûkû nui ma ke kula ki'eki'e, no ka po'e chess pâ'ani, makahiki (6 makahiki). Ua hoʻopauʻo ia i nā hui o nā hoʻokūkū lanakila loa i nā makahiki 1870 me ka lanakila ma ka hoʻokūkū me ka nui loa o nā poʻe i komo ma Baden-Baden i XNUMX, kahi i lanakila aiʻo ia ma waena o nā mea'ē aʻe i ka World Champion Steinitz.

I ka makahiki 1877, ma hope o ka hoʻokūkū ma Leipzig, kahi i pau ai ʻo ia i ka lua, ua haʻalele ʻo Andersen mai ka hoʻokūkū no nā kumu olakino. Ua make ʻo ia ma Wrocław ʻelua makahiki ma hope ma muli o kahi maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi, ma Malaki 13, 1879. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma ka hale kupapaʻu o ke kaiāulu Evangelical Reformed (Alter Fridhof der Reformierten Gemeinde). Ua ola ka lua kupapaʻu i ke kaua a i ka makahiki 60, mahalo i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka Lower Silesian Chess Society, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka hale kupapaʻu i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke Alley of the Merited ma Osobowice Cemetery ma Wrocław (7). I ka makahiki 2003, ua kau ʻia kahi pāpale ma ka pōhaku poʻo, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka pono o Andersen.

7. ʻO ka lua kupapaʻu o Andersen ma ke Alanui o nā Meritors ma Osobowice Cemetery ma Wroclaw, kumu:

Mai ka makahiki 1992, ua mālama ʻia kahi hoʻokūkū chess ma Wroclaw i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kēia mea pāʻani chess Kelemania koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka International Chess Festival Adolf Anderssen i kēia makahiki i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no 31.07-8.08.2021, XNUMX - loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ka Festival ma ka pūnaewele.

Anderssen Gambit

Ua pāʻani pū ʻo Adolf Andersen i 2…b5?! i ka hoomaka ana o ka Bihopa. ʻAʻole kaulana kēia gambit i nā pāʻani chess hoʻokūkū maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o Black no ka pawn i mōhai ʻia. Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi manawa i ka blitz kahi e hiki ai i ka ʻeleʻele ke kāhāhā i kahi hoa paio mākaukau ʻole.

8. ʻO ka pepa Philatelic i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka manawa o ka 200th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o Adolf Andersen.

Eia kekahi laʻana o ka chess aloha i hoʻokani ʻia e ka mea kaulana ʻo Adolf Andersen.

ʻO ʻAukake Mongredien na Adolf Andersen, Lākana, 1851

1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 b5 3.G: b5 c6 4.Ga4 Bc5 5.Bb3 Nf6 6.Sc3 d5 7.e: d5 OO 8.h3 c: d5 9.d3 Sc6 10.Sge2 d4 11.Se4 S : e4 12.d: e4 Kh8 13.Sg3 f5 14.e: f5 G: f5 15.S: f5 W: f5 16.Hg4 Bb4 + (kiʻi 9) 17.Kf1? Pono e hoʻopaʻa koke i ke aliʻi ma ka pāʻani ʻana i 17.c3 d:c3 18.OO c:b2 19.G:b2 me ke kūlana kaulike. 17… Qf6 18.f3 e4 19.Ke2? ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi poho wikiwiki, hiki iā White ke pale aku ma hope o 19.H: e4 Re5 20.Qg4. 19…e:f3+20g:f3 Re8+21. Ua haʻalele ʻo Kf2 N5 a me White.

9. ʻAukake Mongredien - Adolf Andersen, Lādana 1851, kūlana ma hope o 16... G:b4 +

ʻO Hourglass

I ka makahiki 1852, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻokela chess English ʻo Howard Staunton e hoʻohana i ka hola aniani e ana i ka manawa ma ka pāʻani. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka hola aniani no nā pāʻani chess manawa i ka makahiki 1861 i kahi pāʻani ma waena Adolf Anderssen a Ignatius Kolishsky (10).

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani he 2 mau hola e hana ai i 24 mau neʻe. Aia i loko o ia mea he ʻelua mau aniani hola. I ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi o nā mea pāʻani, ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia i kāna aniani hola i kahi kūlana pae, a ʻo ka hoa paio i kahi kūlana kū. I nā makahiki i hala, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hola aniani i nā pāʻani chess. I ka makahiki 1866, i ka wā o ka pāʻani ma waena o Adolf Andersen a me Wilhelm Steinitz, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua uaki maʻamau, i hoʻomaka a hoʻōki ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana. Ma kahi hoʻokûkû ma Baden-Baden i ka makahiki 1870, ua pāʻani nā hoa paio i ka wikiwiki o 20 neʻe i kēlā me kēia hola me ke koho ʻana i nā aniani hola a me nā uaki chess.

10. He pūʻulu o ʻelua mau aniani hola hulina no ke ana ʻana i ka manawa ma nā pāʻani chess.

kumu:

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hola aniani a me ke ʻano o ka uaki ʻelua a hiki i ka makahiki 1883 i ka wā i pani ʻia ai e ka uaki chess.

pīʻāpā kaʻa

I ka makahiki 1852 ua pāʻani ʻo Andersen i ka pāʻani kaulana me Jean Dufresne ma Berlin. ʻOiai he pāʻani hoaloha wale nō ia, ua kapa ʻia ka poʻokela chess honua mua ʻo Wilhelm Steinitz "evergreen in Andersen's laurel wreath" a ua lilo ka inoa i mea maʻamau.

Pāʻani Evergreen

ʻO Jean Dufresne ka hoa paio o Andersen ma kēia pāʻani, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pāʻani chess ikaika loa ma Berlin, ka mea kākau o nā puke chess, he loio ma ka ʻoihana, a he mea kākau moʻolelo ma ka ʻoihana. Ua uku ʻo Dufresne iā Anderssen no ka nalo ʻana i ka pāʻani evergreen ma o ka lanakila ʻana i kahi hoʻokūkū kūʻē kūʻē iā ia i ka makahiki 1868. I ka makahiki 1881, ua paʻi ʻo Dufresne i kahi puke chess: Kleines Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (Mini Chess Handbook), i paʻi ʻia ma hope o nā hoʻohui ʻana ma lalo o ka inoa Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (13). Ua kaulana a kaulana loa ka puke.

13. ʻO Jean Dufresne a me kāna puke chess kaulana ʻo Lehrbuch des Schachspiels.

kumu: 

Eia kekahi o na lealea nani loa o ka moolelo o ka chess.

Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 (kiʻi 14) Ua koho ʻo Andersen i ka Evans Gambit ma ka pāʻani Italia, kahi wehe kaulana loa i ke kenekulia 1826. ʻO ka inoa o ka gambit mai ka inoa o ka mea pāʻani chess Welsh ʻo William Evans, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hōʻike i kāna mau loiloi. Ma '4 ua hoʻohana ʻo Evans i kēia pāʻani i ka pāʻani lanakila e kūʻē i ka mea pāʻani chess Pelekane nui loa, ʻo Alexander McDonnell. Hāʻawi ʻo White i ka b-pawn e loaʻa ai ka pono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana a kūkulu i kahi kikowaena ikaika. 4… G: b5 3.c5 Ga6 4.d4 e: d7 3.OO d8 3.Qb6 Qf9 5.e15 (diagram 9) 6… ʻAʻole hiki iā Qg5 Black ke lawe i ka pawn ma e9, no ka mea ma hope o 5… N: e10 1 Re6 d11 4. Loaʻa iā Qa10+ White ka pīhopa ʻeleʻele. 1.Re7 Sge11 3.Ga16 (diagram 11) ʻO nā pīhopa keʻokeʻo e kū ana i ka mōʻī ʻeleʻele he kumu hoʻolālā maʻamau ma Evans Gambit 5…bXNUMX? Hāʻawi ʻo Black i kahi ʻāpana, e hoʻolālā ana e hoʻāla i ka hale kiaʻi.

14. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, kūlana ma hope o 4.b4

15. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, kūlana ma hope o 9.e5

16. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, kūlana ma hope o 11. Ga3

Ua pono ke paani 11.OO no ka hoomalu ana i ke alii mai ka hoouka ana o ka hoa paio 12.H: b5 Rb8 13.Qa4 Bb6 14.Sbd2 Bb7 15.Se4 Qf5? ʻO ka hewa o Black, ʻo ia ke hoʻopau manawa ma mua o ka pale ʻana i ke aliʻi. 16.G: d3 Hh5 17.Sf6+? Ma mua o ka kaumaha ʻana i ka naita, pono e pāʻani kekahi i 17.Ng3 Qh6 Wad18 1 me ka lanakila nui a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli he nui, e like me Gc1 17… g:f6 18.e:f6 Rg8 19.Wad1 (diagram 17) 19… Q: f3 ? Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka pio ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pāʻani 19…Qh3, 19…Wg4 a i ʻole 19…Bd4. 20.B: e7+! ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi o nā hui kaulana loa i ka mōʻaukala chess. 20… R: e7 (diagram 18) 21.Q: d7+! K: d7 22.Bf5 ++ Hoʻopaʻa pālua ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke aliʻi. 22… Ke8 (Inā 22… Kc6 like 23.Bd7#) 23.Bd7+Kf8 24.G: e7# 1-0.

17. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, kūlana ma hope o ka 19. Wad1

18. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, kūlana ma hope o 20... N: e7