7 (+1) nā alahaka kupanaha loa a me nā mea hou i ka honua
Ke hōʻike aku nei mākou iā ʻoe i nā hana nui o ka ʻenekinia - nā alahaka, nā momi o ka honua. ʻO kēia nā hana hoʻokahi i hoʻolālā ʻia e nā mea hoʻolālā kaulana a me nā ʻenekinia e hoʻohana ana i nā hoʻonā hou. Eia kā mākou loiloi.
Viaduct Bang Na Expressway (Bangkok, Thailand)
ʻO kēia alahaka ʻeono ʻo Bangkok ka lōʻihi loa a i ʻole kekahi o nā alahaka lōʻihi loa o ka honua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo kekahi mau alahaka i kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e ʻaʻa i ka wai, no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o kona lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia e hele i ka wai, ʻoiai e holo ana ma ka muliwai a me kekahi mau kahawai liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia papahana ʻo ke ala ala overpass lōʻihi loa.
He alanui kaʻa ia e hele ana ma luna o ke alanui National Highway 34 (Na-Bang Bang Pakong Road) ma kahi alahaka (multi-span bridge) me ka awelika o 42 m. He 27 m ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viaduct a ua kūkulu ʻia i Malaki 2000. hana ʻia ka 1 m800 kaila.
ʻO Blackfriars Solar Bridges (London) a me Kurilpa Bridge (Brisbane)
He alahaka ʻo Blackfriars ma luna o ka Thames ma Lākana, 303 mika ka lōʻihi a me 32 mau mika ākea (ma mua 21 mika). Ua hoʻolālā mua ʻia ma ke ʻano Italia, i kūkulu ʻia me ka limestone, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo William Pitt Bridge ma hope o ke Kuhina Nui ʻo William Pitt a ua uku ʻia mai kona wehe ʻana. Ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1869. ʻO ka hana hou i hana ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ia ka uhi ʻana i ka hale me kahi hale i hana ʻia me nā panela lā. ʻO ka hopena, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi mea mana me kahi ʻāpana o 4,4 tausani mau mika square ma ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale. m. photovoltaic cell e hāʻawi i ka ikehu e pono ai no ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻaahi. ʻO ke keʻena, uhi ʻia me nā panela lā, hoʻopuka i 900 kWh o ka ikehu, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kona ʻano e hopu a ʻohi i ka wai ua. ʻO ia ke alahaka nui loa o kona ʻano ma ka honua.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea kupanaha loa i loko o kēia papa, ʻo ia paha ʻo Kurilpa Bridge (hoʻokuʻu ʻia) (kiʻi ma luna), no ka poʻe hele wāwae a me nā kaʻa kaʻa, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai Brisbane. Ua komo i ka lawelawe ma 2009 ma ke kumu kūʻai o A$63 miliona. He 470 m ka lōʻihi a he 6,5 m ka laulā a he ʻāpana ia o ke kaʻa hele wāwae a me ke kaʻa kaʻa. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia e ke keʻena Denemaka o Arup Engineers. Ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana LED. Loaʻa ka ikehu mai 54 mau panela lā i kau ʻia ma ke alahaka.
Alahaka ʻo Alamillo (Sevila, Sepania)
ʻO ke alahaka hoʻokuʻu ma Seville, e holo ana ma ke kahawai ʻo Guadalquivir, ua kūkulu ʻia no ka hōʻike EXPO 92. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopili i ka mokupuni ʻo La Cartuja me ke kūlanakauhale kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia ai nā hōʻikeʻike. He alahaka hoʻokuʻu cantilever me hoʻokahi pylon e kaulike ana i ka 200 mika, me nā kaula kila he ʻumikumamākolu o nā lōʻihi like ʻole. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e ka ʻenekinia Spanish kaulana a me ka mea kākau ʻo Santiago Calatrava. Ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i ke alahaka i ka makahiki 1989 a ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 1992.
Helix Bridge (Singapore)
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke alahaka hele wāwae ʻo Helix Bridge i ka makahiki 2010. Aia ia ma luna o ka ʻili wai ma Singapore's Marina Bay, kahi e ulu nei i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kikowaena o Singapore. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i ʻelua wili kila kila e hui pū kekahi me kekahi, e hoʻohālike ana i ka DNA kanaka. I ka World Festival of Architecture ma Barcelona, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hale kaʻa maikaʻi loa ma ka honua.
ʻO ke alahaka, 280 mika ka lōʻihi, ua hana ʻia me ke kila kila, akā i ke ahiahi e ʻālohilohi me nā tausani o nā kala, no ka mea, ua lako kona hale holoʻokoʻa me nā kukui LED, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā lipine māmā e hoʻopuni ana i ke alahaka hele wāwae. ʻO kahi mea hoʻonani hou o ke alahaka he ʻehā mau kahua nānā - ma ke ʻano o nā paepae i hōʻike ʻia i waho, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mahalo i ka panorama o Marina Bay, piha i nā skyscrapers.
Alahaka Banpo (Seoul, Kōlea Hema)
Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo Banpo ma 1982 ma ke kumu o kahi alahaka ʻē aʻe. E holo ana ia ma ka muliwai Han, e pili ana i na apana o Seocho a me Yongsan o Seoul. ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hale ʻo ia ka Moonlight Rainbow Fountain, kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ka hale 1140 m lōʻihi ka pūnāwai lōʻihi loa ma ka honua. 9380 190 mau pahu wai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao o ka uwapo e pāpaʻi i 43 mau tona wai i omo mai ka muliwai i hoʻokahi minuke. Hoʻopau kēia i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 10 m, a hiki i nā kahawai ke lawe i nā ʻano like ʻole (e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau), i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o XNUMX tausani mau ʻulaʻula a me nā mele mele, hāʻawi i nā hopena kupaianaha.
Alahaka ma luna o ka muliwai Xidu (Kina)
ʻO ke alahaka ʻo Sidu River Bridge kahi alahaka hoʻomaha e kū kokoke ana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Yesanguan. ʻO ka hale ma luna o ke awāwa ʻo Xidu River he ʻāpana o ka G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway, 1900 km ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia a kūkulu ʻia ke alahaka e Second Highway Consultants Company Limited. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai ma kahi o US $ 100 miliona. Ua wehe 'ia ka hale ma ka lā 15 o Nowemapa, 2009.
ʻO ke alahaka ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai Sid kekahi o nā hale kiʻekiʻe loa ma luna o ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke alahaka mai ka lalo o ke awāwa he 496 m, lōʻihi - 1222 m, ākea - 24,5 m ʻO ka hale he ʻelua mau hale kiaʻi H (hikina - 118 m, komohana - 122 m). ). Ua ulana ʻia nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā hale kiaʻi mai nā pūʻolo 127 o 127 uea me ke anawaena o 5,1 mm o kēlā me kēia, no ka huina o 16 mau uwea. ʻO ke kahua kaʻa he 129 mau mea. He 71 m ke ki'eki'e a he 6,5 m ka laula o na pahu.
ʻO Sheikh Rashid bin Said Crossing (Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
Ke hoʻopau ʻia, ʻo kēia hale ka alahaka loa loa o ka honua. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e New York-based FXFOWLE Architects a ua kauoha ʻia e ka Dubai Roads and Transport Authority. Aia ka hale i ʻelua mau alahaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi mokupuni hana ʻia me kahi amphitheater, kahi pahu ferry a me ka Dubai Opera. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke alahaka e loaʻa i ʻeono mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao (20 23 mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia hola), ʻelua ala no ka laina metro Zelensky ma lalo o ke kūkulu ʻana (667 64 mau kaʻa i kēlā me kēia hola) a me nā ala hele wāwae. ʻO 15 m ka laulā nui o kēia hale a ʻo 190 m ka laulā o ke alahaka. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, e pili ana ka ikaika o kona ʻālohilohi i ka mālamalama o ka mahina. ʻO ka mālamalama o ka mahina, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke alahaka ponoʻī.
