40 makahiki o ka lawelawe helikopter Black Hawk

Lawe ʻia kahi UH-60L me nā howitzer 105mm i ka wā hoʻoikaika kino ma Fort Drum, New York ma Iulai 18, 2012. ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa

ʻOkakopa 31, 1978 Ua komo nā helikopter Sikorsky UH-60A Black Hawk i ka lawelawe me ka US Army. No nā makahiki 40, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau helicopter ma ke ʻano he kaʻa kaʻa waena, ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻimi a hoʻopakele a me kahi kahua kūikawā i ka pūʻali koa US. Me nā hoʻonui hou aku, pono e noho ka Black Hawk i ka lawelawe a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o 2050.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o 4 ma ka honua. H-60 ​​​​helicopters. Ma kahi o 1200 o lākou he Black Hawks i ka mana hou loa o ka H-60M. ʻO ka mea hoʻohana nui loa o ka Black Hawk ʻo ka US Army, aia ma kahi o 2150 mau kope i nā hoʻololi like ʻole. I ka US Army, ua lele mua nā helikopter Black Hawk ma mua o 10 miliona mau hola.

I ka hopena o 60s, ua hoʻokumu ka pūʻali koa US i nā koi mua no kahi helikopter hou e pani i ka helikopter UH-1 Iroquois multipurpose. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo UTTAS (Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System), ʻo ia hoʻi. "Multipurpose tactical ea transport system". I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka pūʻali i kahi papahana e hana i kahi mīkini turboshaft hou, mahalo i ka ʻohana General Electric T700 o nā mea kanu mana hou. I Ianuali 1972, ua noi ka pūʻali koa no ka UTTAS tender. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kumu o ka ʻike o ke Kaua Vietnam, ua manaʻo ʻia e hilinaʻi nui ka helikopter hou, kū i ke ahi liʻiliʻi, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelua mau ʻenekini, ʻelua hydraulic, uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele, kahi ʻōnaehana wahie me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke ahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka hopena ma ka ʻāina i ka wā o kahi pae ulia pōpilikia, kahi hoʻouna hiki ke hana i ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka leak aila. he hale kaʻa e hiki ai ke kū i ka pae ulia pōpilikia, nā noho pale kaua no nā poʻe holo moku a me nā kaʻa, nā pahu huila me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila a me nā rotors mālie a ikaika.

He ʻehā o ka helikopter a he hale kaʻa kaʻa no ʻumikūmākahi mau koa lako. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helicopter hou i komo: ka holo wikiwiki min. 272 km/h, piʻi kū pololei ka māmā min. 137 m / min, hiki ke lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1220 m ma kahi mahana o + 35 ° C, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lele me ka ukana piha he 2,3 mau hola. ʻO kekahi o nā koi nui o ka papahana UTTAS ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻouka i kahi helikopter ma luna o kahi mokulele mokulele C-141 Starlifter a i ʻole C-5 Galaxy me ka wehe ʻole ʻana. Ua hoʻoholo kēia i nā ana o ka helikopter (ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe) a koi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi rotor nui pelu, huelo a me ka pae pae me ka hiki ke hoʻoemi (hoʻohaʻahaʻa).

ʻElua mau mea noi i komo i ke aloha: Sikorsky me ka prototype YUH-60A (model S-70) a me Boeing-Vertol me ka YUH-61A (model 179). Ma ke noi a ka pūʻali, ua hoʻohana nā prototype ʻelua i nā mīkini General Electric T700-GE-700 me ka mana kiʻekiʻe o 1622 hp. (1216 kW). Ua kūkulu ʻo Sikorsky i ʻehā mau prototypes YUH-60A, ʻo ka mea mua i lele ma ʻOkakopa 17, 1974. Ma Malaki 1976, hāʻawi ʻia ʻekolu YUH-60A i ka pūʻali, a ua hoʻohana ʻo Sikorsky i ka hā o ka prototype no kāna mau hoʻāʻo ponoʻī.

Ma Dekemaba 23, 1976, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Sikorsky ka lanakila o ka papahana UTTAS, e loaʻa ana i kahi ʻaelike e hoʻomaka i ka hana liʻiliʻi o ka UH-60A. Ua kapa hou ʻia ka helikopter hou ʻo Black Hawk. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka UH-60A mua i ka pūʻali koa ma ʻOkakopa 31, 1978. I Iune 1979, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā helikopter UH-60A e ka 101st Combat Aviation Brigade (BAB) o ka 101st Airborne Division o ka Airborne Forces.

Ma ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokele (3-4-4 noho), hiki i ka UH-60A ke lawe i 11 mau koa lako. I loko o ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o nā noho kaʻa ʻewalu, lawe ʻo ia i ʻehā kauā. Ma kahi o waho, hiki iā ia ke lawe i ka ukana a hiki i 3600 kg. Ua hiki i ka UH-60A hoʻokahi ke lawe i kahi howitzer 102-mm M105 me ke kaumaha he 1496 kg ma kahi makau waho, a ma loko o ka cockpit kona poʻe holo holoʻokoʻa o ʻehā mau kānaka a me 30 mau pōā. Hoʻololi ʻia nā puka makani ʻaoʻao no ke kau ʻana i ʻelua mau pū mīkini M-144D 60-mm ma nā mauna M7,62 āpau. Hiki ke hoʻolako pū ʻia ka M144 me nā pū mīkini M7,62D/H a me M240 Minigun 134mm. ʻElua mau pū mīkini 15-mm GAU-16 / A, GAU-18A a i ʻole GAU-12,7A hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka papahele o ka hale lawe kaʻa ma nā kolamu kūikawā, e kuhikuhi ana i nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kī ʻana ma o ka puka hatch hāmama.

Hoʻolako ʻia ka UH-60A me nā lekiō VHF-FM, UHF-FM a me VHF-AM/FM a me kahi Alien Identification System (IFF). ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka pale ʻana, ʻo ia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahu wela a me ka anti-radar M130 i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka huelo boom. I ka huli ʻana o nā makahiki 80 a me 90, loaʻa i nā helikopter ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha radar AN / APR-39 (V) 1 a me ka AN / ALQ-144 (V).

Ua hana ʻia nā helikopter UH-60A Black Hawk ma 1978-1989. I kēlā manawa, ua loaʻa i ka US Army ma kahi o 980 UH-60A. Aia ma kahi o 380 mau helikopa wale nō i kēia mana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa i nā ʻenekini UH-60A nā mīkini T700-GE-701D, nā mea like i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā helikopter UH-60M. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hana a ʻaʻole pōmaikaʻi ka UH-60A i ka mana nui i hana ʻia e nā ʻenekini hou. I ka makahiki 2005, ua haʻalele ʻia ka hoʻolālā e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke koena UH-60A i ka maʻamau M a ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūʻai hou aku i nā UH-60M hou.