Koa 3 o ka Puali Polani

Nā mea

Hoʻopili ʻia ka mōʻaukala o ka pūʻali koa Polish ma ka Hikina me ke ala kaua o ka 1st Polish Army mai Warsaw ma o ka Pomeranian Val, Kolobrzeg a hiki i Berlin. ʻO nā kaua pōʻino o ka 2nd Polish Army kokoke i Bautzen e noho mau ana i ka malu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka manawa pōkole o ka noho ʻana o ka 3rd Polish Army i kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hoihoi. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ʻatikala e haʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia pūʻali poina a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā kūlana weliweli i pono ai nā koa Polani i kāhea ʻia e nā luna komunista.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa sniper.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka mōʻaukala o ka pūʻali koa Polish ma ka Hikina me ke ala kaua o ka 1st Polish Army mai Warsaw ma o ka Pomeranian Val, Kolobrzeg a hiki i Berlin. ʻO nā kaua pōʻino o ka 2nd Polish Army kokoke i Bautzen e noho mau ana i ka malu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka manawa pōkole o ka noho ʻana o ka 3rd Polish Army i kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā ʻepekema a me nā mea hoihoi. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ʻatikala e haʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia pūʻali poina a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā kūlana weliweli i pono ai nā koa Polani i kāhea ʻia e nā luna komunista.

ʻO ka makahiki 1944 i lawe mai i ka Wehrmacht lanakila nui ma ka Hikina Hikina. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa o ka Repubalika Polani ʻelua e ka Red Army he manawa pōkole wale nō. E like me nā hoʻoholo i lawe ʻia ma Tehran Conference, e komo ʻo Polani i ka mana Soviet. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka lilo ʻana o ka mana e ka Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ke aupuni kūpono o ka Repubalika o Polani i ka lawe pio ʻana i ka mana politika a me ka pūʻali koa e hoʻohuli i ke ʻano o nā hanana.

I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe komunisi Polani i ka USSR, a puni ʻo Eduard Osobka-Morawski a me Wanda Wasilewska, e hoʻokumu i ke Kōmike Polani no ka Liberation Lahui (PKNO), he aupuni papeti i manaʻo ʻia e lawe i ka mana ma Polani a hoʻohana i ia i loko makemake o Jozef Stalin. Mai ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻokumu mau ka poʻe komunista i nā pūʻali o ka Polish Army, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka "People's" Army, ka mea, e hakakā ana ma lalo o ka mana o ka Red Army, pono e hōʻoia i kā lākou kuleana i ke alakaʻi ma Polani i nā maka o ke kaiāulu honua. .

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka heroism o nā koa Polani i hakakā ma ka Hikina Hikina, akā pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia mai ka waena o 1944 ua nalowale ke kaua no Kelemania, a ʻo ke komo ʻana o nā Poles i ka hakakā kaua ʻaʻole ia he kumu hoʻoholo. kona alahele. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polish ma ka Hikina he mea nui i ka politika. Ma waho aʻe o ka legitimation i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka honua honua, ua hoʻoikaika ka pūʻali koa i ka hanohano o ke aupuni hou i nā maka o ke kaiāulu a he mea pono e hoʻoikaika i nā hui kūʻokoʻa a me nā poʻe maʻamau i aʻa e kūʻē i ka Sovietization o Polani.

ʻO ka hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Polani, i hana ʻia mai ka waena o 1944 ma lalo o nā huaʻōlelo o ke kaua ʻana iā Nazi Kelemānia, he ʻano hoʻi ia e hoʻomalu ai i nā kāne aloha ʻāina o nā makahiki koa i ʻole lākou e hānai i nā mea kaua ma lalo o ka honua no ke kūʻokoʻa. No laila, paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polish "poʻe" he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kia o ka mana komunista ma Polani ʻole.

Hoʻokomo ka Pūʻali ʻulaʻula iā Rzeszow - Soviet IS-2 tank ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale; ʻAukake 2, 1944

Hoʻonui ʻia ka pūʻali koa Polani i ka hapa ʻelua o 1944

ʻO ke komo ʻana o ka pūʻali koa ʻulaʻula i waho o ka hikina o ka lua o ka Commonwealth Polish-Lithuanian i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā pole e noho ana ma kēia mau ʻāina i loko o ko lākou kūlana. I Iulai 1944, ua helu ʻia nā pūʻali koa Polani ma USSR he 113 mau koa, a ʻo ka pūʻali koa Polani mua e kaua ana ma ke alo hikina.

Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka laina Bug, ua hoʻopuka ka PKVN i kahi hōʻike politika i ka hui Polani, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma Iulai 22, 1944. ʻO Chelm kahi o ka hoʻolaha. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kākau inoaʻia ka palapala a ua'āponoʻia e Stalin ma Moscow iʻelua lā ma mua. Ua ʻike ʻia ka manifesto ma ke ʻano o kahi hoʻolaha me nā kauoha mua o ke Kōmike Hoʻokuʻu Lahui Polani ma ke ʻano he mana kūʻokoʻa. Ua hoahewa ke aupuni Polani a me kona lima i Polani, ka Home Army (AK), i keia olelo hoolaha, aka, no ka oi ana o ka puali koa o ka Puali Ula, aole i hiki mai ka hookahuli ana i ka PKKN.

ʻO ka hoʻolaha politika o ka PKWN i hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polani. I Iulai 1944, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka pūʻali koa Polani ma USSR me ka People's Army, kahi hui komunista partisan ma Polani, a me ka High Command of the Polish Army (NDVP) me Brig. Aia ʻo Michal Rola-Zimierski ma ke alakaʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā hana i hoʻonoho ʻia e ka luna koa hou ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polani ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā Pole mai nā wahi hikina o ka Vistula. Wahi a ka hoʻolālā hoʻomohala kumu, ua manaʻo ʻia ka pūʻali koa Polani he 400 1 mau kānaka. koa a hana i kāu hui hana ponoʻī - ka Polish Front, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma nā alo Soviet e like me ka 1st Belorussian Front a i ʻole ka XNUMXth Ukrainian Front.

I ka wā e nānā ʻia nei, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e Józef Stalin nā hoʻoholo hoʻoholo e pili ana iā Polani. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana i ka Polish Front o Rolya-Zhymerski1 iā Stalin i kāna kipa mua ʻana i Kremlin ma Iulai 6, 1944. mea. ʻAʻole me ke kōkua ʻole o ka poʻe Soviet partisans, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka mokulele, akā i ka manawa like i lawe i ko lākou mau hoa ʻeha ma luna o ka moku. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ka hoʻāʻo mua, hāʻule ka mokulele i ka wā e hoʻāʻo nei e lele. Ua puka mai ʻo General Rola-Zhymersky mai ka pōʻino me ka pōʻino ʻole. I ka lua o ka ho'āʻo ʻana, ua haʻalele iki ka mokulele paʻa i ka mokulele.

I ka wā o ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo ma Kremlin, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Rola-Zymerski iā Stalin inā loaʻa iā Polani nā mea kaua, nā lako a me nā kōkua limahana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻāla i ka pūʻali koa miliona e lanakila ai iā Kelemania me ka Red Army. E pili ana i kāna helu ʻana e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe mua i ke kaua o ka lua o ka Polani-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Rolya-Zhymersky i ka Polani Polani ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu pūʻali koa i hui pū ʻia. Ua huki ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o Stalin i ka hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i nā lālā ʻōpio he nui o ka Home Army i loko o ka pūʻali koa Polani, kahi i manaʻo ʻia e ulu nei ka hakakā ma waena o nā limahana kauoha a me nā koa ma muli o ke kulekele o ke aupuni i ke pio ʻana ma Lākana. Ua wānana ʻo ia e hiki i ka pūʻali Polish o kēia nui ke hoʻoikaika i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka Home Army i loko o ke kaiāulu a pēlā e pale ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā hakakā fratricidal.

Ua kānalua ʻo Stalin i ka hana a Rol-Zhymersky. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hilinaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia o Polani a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā luna o ka Home Army. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i lawe i kahi hoʻoholo paʻa paʻa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Polish Front, ʻoiai ua hoʻohiki ʻo ia e kūkākūkā i kēia papahana me ka General Staff o ka Red Army. Ua hoʻokipa ʻo General Rola-Zhymersky iā ia me ka ʻae o ke alakaʻi o ka USSR.

I ka wā e kūkākūkā ai i ka hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pūʻali Polish, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka hopena o 1944 ʻo kona ikaika he 400 tausani kānaka. kanaka. Eia hou, uaʻaeʻo Rola-Zhymerski e hoʻomākaukauʻia nā palapala nui e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka pūʻali Polish e ka Luna Nui o ka Red Army. E like me ka manaʻo o General Rol-Zhymersky i Iulai 1944, ʻo ka Polani Polani he ʻekolu pūʻali pūʻali koa i hui pū ʻia. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua kapa hou ʻia ka 1st Polish Army ma USSR i ka 1st Polish Army (AWP), ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana hou i ʻelua: ʻo ka 2nd a me ka 3 GDP.

E loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūʻali: ʻelima mau pūʻali koa hele wāwae, he pūʻali koa kūʻē i ka mokulele, ʻelima pūʻali koa, he pūʻali koa, he regiment pahu kaumaha, he pūʻali ʻenekinia a me kahi pūʻali koa. Eia naʻe, i ka manawa o ka hālāwai ʻelua me Stalin i ʻAukake 1944, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia mau hoʻolālā. Ma ka hoopau ana o ka 3rd AWP, ua manaoia aole elima, aka, eha na mahele koa hele wawae, ua haalele ke kukuluia ana o elima pu ki pu, no ka makemake o hookahi puali pu a me ka regiment mortar, ua haalele lakou i ke kukulu ana i ka pahu pahu. Ua hoʻolako mau ʻia ka uhi mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e ka pūʻali koa anti-aircraft. Aia kekahi pūʻali koa o nā sappers a me kahi brigade barrage. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i kahi anti-tank artillery brigade a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi: kamaʻilio, pale kemika, kūkulu, quartermaster, etc.

Ma muli o ke noi a General Rolya-Zhimierski, ua hoʻopuka ka Red Army Headquarters ma ʻAukake 13, 1944 i kahi kuhikuhi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Polani Polani, ʻo ka ikaika o ia mea he 270 tausani kānaka. koa. Na General Rola-Zhimersky ponoi iho i alakai i na puali kaua a pau, a i ole ia, ua hoike maopopo mai o Stalin iaia, pela no ia. ʻO ka AWP 1 aia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Major General. ʻO Zygmunt Berling, ke kauoha o ka AWP 2 e hoʻoili ʻia iā Major General. Stanislaw Poplawski, a me ka 3rd AWP - General Karol Swierczewski.

I ka pae mua o ka hanana, i manaʻo ʻia e mau a hiki i ka waena o Kepakemapa 15, 1944, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokumu i ke kauoha o ka Polish Front me nā pūʻulu palekana, ke keʻena nui o ka 2nd a me 3rd AWP, a me nā pūʻali i komo i ka mua o kēia mau pūʻali koa. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka papahana i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO ke kauoha i hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka 3rd AWP i hoʻopuka ʻia e General Rola-Zhymersky wale nō ma ʻOkakopa 6, 1944. Ma kēia kauoha, ua kipaku ʻia ka 2nd Infantry Division mai ka 6th AWP a ua hoʻokau ʻia ke kauoha ma lalo o ka pūʻali koa.

I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana hou i kēia mau wahi: Kauoha o ka 3rd ARM me ke kauoha subordinate, lawelawe, quartermaster units a me nā kula luna - Zwierzyniec, a laila Tomaszów Lubelski; Mahele 6th Infantry - Przemysl; Mahele 10th Infantry Division - Rzeszow; 11th Infantry Division - Krasnystav; Mahele 12 Infantry - Zamosc; 5th Engineer Brigade - Yaroslav, a laila Tarnavka; 35 pontoon-bridge bataliona - Yaroslav, a laila Tarnavka; 4th Chemical Defense Battalion – Zamosc; Puʻukena Paʻa Kaʻa Kaumaha 6 - Chelm.

Ma ka lā 10 o ʻOkakopa, 1944, kauoha ʻo General Rola-Zhimersky i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻāpana hou a ʻae i ka subordination o ke kolu o nā wahi hana automated i hana mua ʻia. Ma ka manawa like, ua kāpae ʻia ka pūʻali koa pontoon-bridge 3rd mai ka 3rd Polish Army, i hoʻoili ʻia i ka 35 pontoon brigade mai ka NDVP reserve: 3rd anti-aircraft artillery division - Siedlce; Puali Puali Puali Puali Kaumaha 4 – Zamosc; 10th Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade – Krasnystav; 11th Mortar Regiment - Zamosc; 4th Measurement Intelligence Division - Zwierzyniec; ʻO ka 9th nānā a me ka hui hōʻike - Tomaszow-Lubelski (ma ke keʻena nui o ka pūʻali).

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana i luna, ua manaʻo ʻia ka 3rd AWP e hoʻokomo i kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana palekana: ka regiment kamaʻilio 5, ka pūʻali koa kamaʻilio 12, ka 26th, 31st, 33rd, 35th hui kamaʻilio , 7th, 9th battalion automobile. , 7th a me 9th hui lawe lima, 8th road maintenance battalion, 13th building bridge building bridge, 15th road building battalion, a me na papa luna cadet a me na limahana hoonaauao kalaiaina kula.

ʻO nā ʻāpana i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka 4th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (4th DAPlot) i ka pae hope loa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana - ma ʻOkakopa 25, 1944, ua hōʻea i ka mokuʻāina o 2007 me ka helu i kuhikuhi ʻia o 2117 poʻe. ʻO ka 6th Heavy Tank Regiment, he pūʻali Soviet de facto, ua mākaukau hoʻi no ke kaua, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea hana a pau, me nā luina a me nā luna, mai ka Red Army mai. Eia kekahi, ma ka lā 15 o Nowemapa, 1944, ua mana'o'ia kekahi hui Soviet e hui pū me ka pū'ali koa - 'o ka 32nd Tank Brigade me nā luina a me nā mea hana.

Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana i koe mai ka ʻōpala. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka lā hoʻokō hoʻāʻo no Nowemapa 15, 1944. He hewa koʻikoʻi kēia, ʻoiai i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka 2nd Polish Army ua kū mai nā pilikia i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i kēia manawa palena. I ka lā i manaʻo ʻia e holo ka 2nd ARM i ka hana piha, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kepakemapa 15, 1944, aia wale nō 29 40 poʻe i loko. kanaka - XNUMX% i pau.

Ua lilo ʻo General Karol Swierczewski i alakaʻi no ka 3rd AWP. Ma ka lā 25 o Kepakemapa, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke kauoha o ka 2nd AWP a haʻalele i Lublin, kahi i loko o ka hale ma ke alanui. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Shpitalnaya 12 iā ia iho i kahi pūʻulu o nā luna i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kahi kūlana i ka pūʻali koa. A laila hele lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale i manaʻo ʻia no nā wahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Ma muli o nā hopena o ka nānāʻana, ua kauohaʻo General Swierczewski i ka hoʻololiʻana i ke kauoha o ka 3rd AWP mai Zwierzyniec i Tomaszow-Lubelski a ua hoʻoholo e hoʻolālā i nā'āpana hope.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kino hoʻomalu o ka 3rd automated workplace e like me ka manawa like me ka hihia o ka 1st a me 2nd automated workplaces. Ua lawe ʻia ke kauoha o nā pū e Konela Alexey Gryshkovsky, a ua lawe ʻia ke alakaʻi o nā pūʻali koa e ke alakaʻi mua o ka 1st Armored Brigade, Brig. Jan Mezitsana, e alakaʻi ʻia nā pūʻali ʻenekinia e Brig. ʻO Antony Germanovich, nā pūʻali kamaʻilio - ʻO Colonel Romuald Malinovsky, nā pūʻali kemika - Major Alexander Nedzimovsky, ka pūʻali koa i alakaʻi ʻia e Colonel Alexander Kozhukh, ʻo ke kūlana quartermaster i lawe ʻia e Colonel Ignacy Shipitsa, ua komo pū ka pūʻali koa i ka ʻaha kūkā politika a me ka hoʻonaʻauao. kauoha - ma lalo o ke kauoha a kekahi mea nui. ʻO Mieczysław Schleien (Ph.D., ka mea hana komunista, ka mea kahiko o ke Kaua Kivila Sepania) a me ke Keʻena ʻIke Koa, i alakaʻi ʻia e Konela Dmitry Voznesensky, he luna hoʻokele counterintelligence koa Soviet.

Ua loaʻa i ke kauoha kahua o ka 3rd AWP nā ʻāpana palekana kūʻokoʻa a me nā pūʻulu kiaʻi ʻo: ka hui 8th gendarmerie a me ka hui kaʻa 18th headquarters; aia i ke po'o o ka pu ki pu ka 5 o ke keena nui, a o ka ikepili koa ke kuleana o ka hui 10 o ka hui ike. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau i luna ma ke keʻena nui o ka pūʻali koa ma Tomaszow Lubelski. Ua komo pū ka pūʻali koa i ka leka uila, ke kālā, nā hale hana a me nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kauoha a me nā limahana o ka 3rd Polish Army, me nā lawelawe ma lalo o ia, ua hele mālie akā mau. ʻOiai a hiki i Nowemapa 20, 1944, ʻo 58% wale nō o nā kūlana maʻamau o nā alakaʻi a me nā poʻo o nā lawelawe a me nā māhele i hoʻopiha ʻia, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka 3rd AWP.

ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana

Ua hoʻomaka ke kākau inoa ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polish me ke kauoha a ke Kōmike Polani o National Liberation o ʻAukake 15, 1944 ma ke koho ʻana i nā conscripts ma 1924, 1923, 1922 a me 1921, a me nā luna, mālama i nā luna ʻole i kauoha ʻia, nā lālā o lalo o ka honua. nā hui pūʻali koa, nā kauka, nā kaʻa hoʻokele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kūpono i ka pūʻali koa.

ʻO ka hui ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e hana ʻia e nā Kōmike Hoʻopiha Hou (RKU), i hana ʻia ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale kalana a me voivodship.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina o nā ʻāpana kahi i hana ʻia ai ke kikoo i hōʻike i ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i ka PKWN a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke aupuni i noho pio ʻia ma Lākana a me kāna ʻelele ma ka ʻāina ʻo ia wale nō ka mana kūpono. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kona huhū nui i ka poʻe komunista e nā hewa i hana ʻia e ka NKVD e kūʻē i nā lālā o ka Polani ma lalo o ka honua no ke kūʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka wā i hoʻolaha aku ai ka Home Army a me nā hui ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, ua kākoʻo ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu i kā lākou koho. Ma waho aʻe o nā kumu politika, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana e nā hakakā i hana ʻia ma nā ʻāpana o nā panalāʻau ma lalo o ka mana o kēlā me kēia RCU.

ʻO ka nele o ka lawe ʻana i keakea i ka hana a nā komisina kikoʻī ma nā kūlanakauhale mamao mai nā komisina hoʻopiha ʻāpana. ʻAʻole i lawa ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka RKU me nā kālā, pepa a me nā kānaka kūpono.

ʻAʻohe kanaka hoʻokahi i loko o ka poviat Kolbuszovsky, aia ma lalo o ka RCU Tarnobrzeg. Ua like ka mea i hana ʻia ma kekahi powiats ma RCU Yaroslav. Ma kahi o ka RCU Siedlce, ma kahi o 40% o nā conscripts i hōʻole e hoʻoneʻe ʻia. Eia hou, ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻe i hele mai i ke koena o ka RKU ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia. Ua hoʻonui kēia kūlana i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o nā luna koa i ka heluna kanaka, a ua mālama ʻia ka poʻe i komo i ka pūʻali koa me he mau haʻalele. ʻO ka hōʻike o nā kūlana i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā papa kikoʻī ka hōʻike o kekahi o nā mea kahiko o ka hui 39th o ka 10th DP:

(...) i ka wā i komo ai ka poʻe Lūkini a manaʻo ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa ma laila, i Iune-Iulai [1944], a i ka mahina koke o ʻAukake ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o ka pūʻali koa a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 2nd Army. Ma ʻAukake 16, ua kāhea ʻia no ka ʻoihana koa. Akā, he aha ke kāhea ʻana, ʻaʻohe hoʻolaha, ʻo nā pepa wale nō i kau ʻia ma nā hale a ʻo nā puke makahiki wale nō mai ka makahiki 1909 a hiki i 1926, no laila nā makahiki he nui i hele i ke kaua i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Aia kahi hōʻiliʻili ma Rudki2, a laila i ke ahiahi ua lawe ʻia mākou mai Rudka a Drohobych. Ua alakaʻi ʻia mākou e nā Lūkini, ka pūʻali koa Lūkini me nā pu raifela. Noho mākou ma Drohobych no ʻelua pule, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe e ʻākoakoa ana, a ʻelua pule ma hope mai ua haʻalele mākou iā Drogobych no Yaroslav. Ma Yaroslav ʻaʻole mākou i kāpae ʻia ma hope o Yaroslav ma Pelkin, he kauhale ia, ua waiho ʻia mākou ma laila. Ma hope mai, hele mai nā luna me nā ʻaʻahu Polani mai laila mai a ʻōlelo kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ka nui o nā koa e pono ai a koho lākou iā mākou. Ua laina lākou iā mākou i ʻelua lālani a koho i kēia, kēlā, kēlā, kēlā. E hele mai nā luna e koho iā lākou iho. No laila, alakaʻi kekahi luna, he lutanela, iā mākou ʻelima i loko o ka pū māmā.

A pela iho la o Cpr. ʻO Kazimierz Wozniak, ka mea i lawelawe i loko o ka pahu pahu o ka 25 Infantry Regiment o ka 10th Infantry Division: Ua hana ʻia ke kau inoa ma nā kūlana maʻamau ma mua, i nā leo o nā pūkuniahi mau mai ke alo kokoke mai, ka ʻuwē a me ke kani ʻana o nā pū a me nā lele. nā pōhaku pōhaku. maluna o kakou. I ka lā 11 o Nowemapa [1944] aia mākou i Rzeszow. Mai ke kahua a hiki i ka hale kaua o ka regiment raifela ʻelua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hele pū mākou me ka lehulehu o nā makaʻāinana. Ua hoihoi nō hoʻi au i ke kūlana hou ma hope o koʻu hele ʻana i ka puka pā hale. He aha kaʻu i manaʻo ai iaʻu iho, ʻo ka Pūʻali Polani, a me ke kauoha Soviet, ke kauoha nei i ke kūlana haʻahaʻa i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia nā manaʻo haʻalulu mua. Ua aʻo koke wau e pili pinepine ka mana i ka hana ma mua o ke degere. I kekahi hihia, ua ʻike wau iaʻu iho ma hope, i koʻu lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he luna hana i mau manawa […]. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola i loko o ka hale paʻahao a kau iā mākou ma luna o nā moena olohelohe, ua holoi ʻia mākou a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia - ke ʻano maʻamau o nā mea i ka wā i hele ai mākou mai ke kanaka kīwila a i ke koa. Ua hoʻomaka koke nā papa, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā keʻena hou a koi ʻia nā hoʻohui.

ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopaʻa i nā palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa no ka pūʻali koa, ʻo ka lawe pinepine ʻana i nā mea kūpono ʻole no ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa. Ma kēia ala, komo i loko o ka hui nā poʻe me ke olakino maikaʻi ʻole, e loaʻa ana i nā maʻi he nui. ʻO kahi mea ʻē aʻe e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hana hemahema o ka RCU ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā poʻe koʻikoʻi e loaʻa ana i ka epilepsy a i ʻole ke kino ʻike maka i ka 6th Tank Regiment.

Nā ʻāpana a me ko lākou wahi

ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka pūʻali koa i loko o ka 3rd Polish Army he mahele infantry. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pūʻali koa Polish ma ke kūlana Soviet o ka Guards Rifle Division, i hoʻololi ʻia no nā pono o nā pūʻali koa Polish, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mālama hānai. ʻO ka ikaika o nā māhele kiaʻi Soviet ʻo ia ka saturation kiʻekiʻe o nā pū mīkini a me nā pū, ʻo ka nāwaliwali o ka nele o nā mea kaua anti-aircraft a me ka nele o ka lawe ʻana i ke alanui. Wahi a ka papa ʻaina, he 1260 mau luna, 3238 luna ʻole, 6839 mau luna ʻole, he 11 mau kānaka.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 6th Rifle Regiment ma ke kauoha a ka luna o ka 1st Polish Army ma USSR, General Berling ma Iulai 5, 1944, ʻo ia ka: kauoha a me nā limahana, 14th, 16th, 18th rifle regiments (pp), 23rd light artillery regiment. (hāʻule), 6th aʻo pūʻali koa, 5th armored artillery squadron, 6th reconnaissance hui, 13th engineer battalion, 15th hui kamaʻilio, 6th hui kemika, 8th hui lawe kaʻa, 7 -th field bakery, 6th sanitary battalion, 6th veterinary commander ambulance platoon, mobile uniformed workshops, field mail No. 3045, 1867 field bank cash desk, military information department.

Wahi a nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o ka pūʻali Polish, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka 6th Infantry Division i ka 2nd AWP. ʻO nā pilikia i kū mai i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i alakaʻi ʻia i nā lohi nui, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka lā i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ai no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka māhele i hui pū me ka lā i hana ʻia ai ka 3rd AWP. ʻO kēia ka mea i koi iā General Rola-Zymerski e hoʻihoʻi i ka 6th Infantry Division mai ka 2nd AWP a hui pū me ka 3rd AWP, i hana ʻia ma 12 ʻOkakopa 1944.

Ma Iulai 24, 1944, ua hōʻea ʻo Colonel Ivan Kostyachin, Luna Nui o nā limahana Lieutenant Colonel Stefan Zhukovsky a me Quartermaster Lieutenant Colonel Maxim Titarenko i ka wahi hoʻokumu o ka 6th Infantry Division. ka hookumu ana o ka 50th Infantry Division. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hui pū ʻia lākou e nā luna 4 i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he pūʻulu pūʻulu a me kahi pūʻulu pilikino. Ma Kepakemapa 1944, ua hōʻea ʻo General Gennady Ilyich Sheipak , nāna i alakaʻi i ka mahele a paʻa iā ia a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake 50, hoʻomaka ka hele ʻana mai o nā kaʻa nui me nā kānaka, no laila ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana i nā regiment infantry. I ka hopena o ʻAukake, ua hōʻea ka ʻāpana i ka 34% o ka helu i hāʻawi ʻia no ka hana maʻamau. ʻOiaiʻaʻole he hapa o nā mea pilikino, aia nā hemahema koʻikoʻi i ka luna o ka luna,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15% o ka koi, a ma nā luna i hoʻonohonohoʻoleʻia he XNUMX% wale nō o nā pou maʻamau.

I ka hoʻomaka, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka 6th Infantry Division ma ka wahi o Zhitomir-Barashuvka-Bogun. Ma ʻAukake 12, 1944, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hui hou i ka 6th Infantry Division ma Przemysl. E like me ke kauoha a General Sverchevsky, ua hana ʻia ka hui hou ʻana mai ʻAukake 23 a i Kepakemapa 5, 1944. Ua neʻe ka māhele i ka pūʻali koa hou ma ke kaʻaahi. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ke keʻena nui, ka hui ʻike maka, ka hui kamaʻilio a me ka pūʻali koa lapaʻau ma nā hale ma ke alanui. Mickiewicz ma Przemysl. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 14th Infantry Regiment ma nā kauhale o Zhuravitsa a me Lipovitsa, ka 16th a me 18th Infantry Regiments a, me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o nā pā kaua ma Zasanie - ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Przemysl. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka stake 23 ma ke kauhale ʻo Pikulice, ma ka hema o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ma hope o ka hui hou ʻana i ka lā 15 o Kepakemapa, 1944, ua ʻike ʻia ka 6th Rifle Division i hoʻokumu ʻia a hoʻomaka i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomauʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopihaʻana i nā kūlana pilikino. ʻO ka pono maʻamau no nā kūlana o nā luna a me nā luna ʻole i hoʻokō ʻia he 50% wale nō. I kekahi ʻano, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia e ke koena o nā kāne i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka nui o lākou i mau ilamuku ma nā papa papa. ʻOiai nā hemahema, ʻo ka 6th Rifle Division ka mahele piha loa o ka 3rd Polish Army, ʻo ia ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana o kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ʻehā mau mahina ma mua o nā māhele ʻekolu o ka pūʻali koa.

ʻO ka mahele 10th raifela: kauoha a me nā limahana, 25th, 27th, 29th raifela regiment, 39th pile, 10th training battalion, 13th armored artillery squadron, 10th reconnaissance company, 21st engineer battalion, 19th communications carmobile, 9th hui kaʻa kaʻa. hui, 15 kahua bakery, 11th sanitary bataliona, 12th veterinary ambulance, pū hoʻomalu platoon, mobile aahu hale hana, kahua pou No. ʻO Konela Andrei Afanasyevich Czartorozhsky ka luna mahele.

Ua mālama ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka 10th Infantry Division ma Rzeszów a me kona mau wahi. Ma muli o ka nele o nā wahi i hoʻololi ʻia no ka pono o ka pūʻali koa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ma nā wahi like ʻole o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua noho ke kauoha a ka mahele i ka hale ma ke alanui Zamkova, 3. Aia ke keʻena nui o ka 25th Infantry Regiment ma ka hale o ke keʻena ʻauhau ma mua o ke kaua. Ma ka lā 1 o Mei, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka bataliona 1 ma nā hale ma ke alanui. ʻO Lvovskaya, ka pūʻali koa 2 ma ke alanui. Koleeva, 3 bataliona ma ka hope o ke alanui. Zamkov. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka 27th Infantry Regiment ma ka waiwai o ka ʻelele Polish ma mua o ke kaua ʻana i Farani, ʻo Alfred Chlapowski, ma ke kauhale o Slochina (ma hope koke o kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana, neʻe ka 2nd Battalion o kēia regiment i ka pā kaua ma ke alanui Lwowska ma Rzeszow). Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka 29th brigade ma ka mea i kapa ʻia. hale kaua ma st. ʻO Baldakhovka (i ka waena o ʻOkakopa, neʻe ka pūʻali koa 1 i kahi hale hale ma ke alanui Lvovskaya). ʻO ka puʻu 39th i loaʻa penei: ke keʻena nui o ka hale ma ke alanui. Semiradsky, 1st squadron ma ka hale kokoke i ke alahaka ma Wisloka, 2nd squadron i ka hale kula ma ke kahua, 3rd squadron i loko o nā hale o ka hale hua manu mua ma ke alanui. ʻO Lvov.

Wahi a ka hoʻolālā, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ka 10th Infantry Division i kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa 1944, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia. Ma ka lā 1 o Nowemapa, 1944, ʻo nā limahana o ka māhele: 374 mau luna, 554 mau luna hana ʻole a me 3686 mau limahana, ʻo ia hoʻi. 40,7% o nā limahana. ʻOiai i nā lā aʻe, ua loaʻa i ka māhele ka helu i koi ʻia o nā pilikino, ʻoiai e hele ana ma mua o nā palena maʻamau, ʻaʻole lawa nā luna a me nā luna ʻole. A hiki i ka lā 20 o Nowemapa, 1944, ʻo ka helu o nā luna he 39% o nā limahana, a me nā luna ʻole - 26,7%. He mea liʻiliʻi kēia no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka māhele i kūkulu ʻia

a kūpono no ke kaua.

ʻO ka mahele 11 raifela: kauoha a me nā limahana, 20th, 22nd, 24th raifela, 42nd pile, 11th training battalion, 9th armored artillery squadron, 11th reconnaissance company, 22 -th sapper battalion, 17th hui kamaʻilio, a me 8th hui kaʻa kaʻa. hui halihali, 16 kahua bakery, 11th sanitary bataliona, 13th veterinary outpatient clinic, pū keʻena poʻo platoon, mobile aahu hale hana , kahua leka uila No. 11, 3066 kahua panakō kālā pākaukau, ke keʻena kuhikuhi o ka pūʻali koa.