20 mau makahiki o Common Rail no Diesel IIs: ʻO Alfa Romeo ka mua

Hoʻomau: ʻO ke ala paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻolālā e hoʻolauna i nā ʻenehana hou.

ʻO lākou ka iwi hope o nā mea āpau ʻo Fiat a me Bosch

Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o Fiat i ka Croma injection injection pololei i ka makahiki 1986, ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana like e Rover, nāna i hana i ka hana pū ʻana me nā loea Pelekane mai Perkins. E hoʻohana ʻia ia ma hope no nā hiʻohiʻona Honda. ʻAʻole ia a hiki i ka 1988 i loaʻa i ka VW Group ka ʻenekini diesel pololei mua, a hoʻohana pū kekahi i ka pauma hoʻoili Bosch. ʻAe, ʻo VW ka mea e hoʻokani i ka nui o ka injector masika no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i nā kaʻa ʻo diesel. Eia nō naʻe, hoihoi nui ʻo VW i kāna mau ʻenekini TDI e nalo ana i ka kipi o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20. No laila, hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o ka moʻolelo, e hui hou me nā ʻenekini ma Fiat a me Bosch. ʻAʻole pili kēia manawa i ka laulima.

ʻO ka Centro Ricerce Fiat a me Magnetti Marelli i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei i hoʻokele i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hana kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ke kaʻina hana kaomi. Hōʻalo kēia i nā hāʻule kaomi a loaʻa i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe ma nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻopiha ka paila rotary i kahi wahie kila me ka pā mānoanoa. Hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokele pololei me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā injectors-controlled solenoid. Ua hana ʻia nā prototypes mua ma 1991, a ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai ua kūʻai ʻia ka ʻenehana iā Bosch, nāna i hoʻomohala hou. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana, i kūkulu ʻia ma kēia ala e Fiat a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e Bosch, i hōʻike ʻia ma 1997 ma ka Alfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD a me Mercedes-Benz E220 d. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi injection o 1360 bar ma mua o ke kaomi o kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana mua (hoʻohana ʻia e ka Opel Vectra a me ka Audi A6 2.5 TDI mai 1996 a me ka BMW 320d mai 1998, ka VP 44 pump no loaʻa ka hoʻokele pololei i kahi kaomi ma ka laulā o 1500 - 1750 bar), akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻina hana a me ka pono.

ʻO kona pōmaikaʻi nui loa, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaomi kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe mau, e ʻae ai i ka mana pololei o ka injection, a hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kēia manawa i nā pūʻulu - he mea nui loa ia no ka hui ʻana i ka mīkini diesel. No laila, kūʻokoʻa ke kaomi i ka wikiwiki, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina puhi ahi, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie a me nā hoʻokuʻu. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, e hoʻololi ʻia nā injectors electromagnetic e nā injectors piezo pololei, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi helu nui o nā injections pōkole a me nā kaomi a hiki i ka 2500 bar no nā kaʻa a hiki i ka 3000 bar no nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa i nā mea hou loa. nā hanauna o nā ʻenekini diesel.

Nā ʻeha hana me Common Rail

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo Fiat engineers ʻaʻole hoʻomaka makapō. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka hana a nā Vickers ʻelua, ka mea i hana i kahi ʻōnaehana mīkini like i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, a me ka Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, a me ka hui o Robert Hubert, ka mea i 60s i hana i kahi prototype holomua o kahi ʻenekini diesel. me ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail a me ka kaohi uila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mīkini uila mua o kēlā mau makahiki i ʻae ʻia e hana i nā prototypes wale nō i ka hale hana, akā i ka makahiki 1983 ua hōʻoia ʻo Marco Ganzer o ETH i kahi "ʻōnaehana hoʻouka uila uila" no nā kaʻa diesel. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ka hoʻolālā hoʻohiki mua o ia ʻōnaehana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole ka pilikia i ka manaʻo, akā i kāna hoʻokō ʻana, a ʻo nā ʻenekini ʻo Fiat a me Bosch ka mea nāna e mālama i nā pilikia āpau e pili ana i nā kahe kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i kēia ʻenehana, ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻopili pono kūpono a ʻē aʻe. He mea liʻiliʻi ia i ʻike ʻia ʻoiai ke lohi nei nā mea hana kaʻa ma Iapana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenekini diesel, ʻo ka mea ʻoi ka kaʻa mua e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana inikua Common Rail he kalaka ʻo Hino me ka ʻenekini J08C a me Denso injection system, hopena o ka hana o nā kime o Kauka Shonei Ito a me Masahiko Lighthouse. ʻO ka mea like hoihoi i ka makahiki 80, hoʻomohala maikaʻi nā ʻenekini ma ka East German IFA i kahi ʻōnaehana like no kā lākou kalaka.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo nā pilikia kālā o Fiat i ka hopena o 90s i koi iā ia e kūʻai aku i kāna moa gula iā Bosch. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo Bosch ka mea nāna i hoʻomohala i kēia ʻenehana, a i kēia lā ʻo ia ke alakaʻi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole i ka hana ʻana o kēia mau ʻōnaehana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mau mea hana liʻiliʻi o kēia mea hana - ma kahi o Bosch, ʻo Denso, Delphi a me Siemens kēia. Ma lalo o ka puʻupuʻu a ma kēlā me kēia kaʻa āu e nānā ai, e ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea like. Ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail i kona pono ma mua o nā mea āpau, ua hoʻolauna ʻia e nā mea hana Farani PSA. I kēlā manawa, nā mea hana e like me Mazda a me Nissan Ua hoʻokomo mua lākou i ka injection pololei, akā me ka ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo VW e ʻimi i nā ala e hana ai i kahi ʻōnaehana pono e hoʻohana ʻole i nā patent Common Rail, a ua hoʻokomo i kahi ʻōnaehana injector maʻamau. no ka pauma kalaka i ka makahiki 2000. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka makahiki 2009, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo VW a ʻaʻole i hoʻololi iā ia me kahi kaʻa maʻamau.

Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā mea hana kaʻa ma hope - he mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻolako pū ʻia kā lākou mau ʻenekini me ka pump-injector a i ʻole ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo pump-pipe-injector me nā mea pauma kaʻawale a me kahi paipu puʻu kiʻekiʻe pōkole loa. Ma ka hōʻike Tokyo, ua hōʻike ʻo Quon i kahi hoʻonā hoihoi - ʻenehana pump-injector, akā naʻe, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e kahi kaʻa hao lahilahi maʻamau me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻokani ka hope i ke kuleana o ka node kaulike waena.

Ma waho aʻe o nā mea i luna aʻe nei, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail mai nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouka mua i hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka ikehu kinetic i hana ʻia e kahi pauma no ka hoʻopili pono ʻana o ka wahie. No laila, ʻaʻohe pono o ka lākiō compression kiʻekiʻe, a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka haunaele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā ʻenekini diesel me kahi prechamber a hana ikaika ʻia i nā ʻenekomi diesel me kahi keʻena vortex. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Rail maʻamau, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana kāohi uila a me nā turbocharger, i hana i nā preconditions no ka diesel Revolution, a me ka ʻole o ia, ʻaʻohe manawa kūpono o nā ʻenekini penina i kēia lā. Ma ke ala, ua loaʻa ka mea hope i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha like, aia wale nō ma kahi kauoha liʻiliʻi. Akā he moʻolelo ʻē aʻe kēlā.

ʻAe, pipiʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana Common Rail, akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa i nā diesel. Ua hoʻokele pū kekahi nā mea hana e hana i nā koho kaomi haʻahaʻa no nā kaʻa kālā e like me India, kahi e mahalo ʻia ai ka diesel Ma hope o nā hōʻino hou loa, hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka diesel no nā hewa honua āpau, akā, e like me nā hōʻike o ka AMS e hōʻike nei, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe. I kēlā me kēia hihia, aia i mua nā manawa hoihoi.

Kikokikona: ʻO Georgy Kolev