10 mau ʻenekini maʻamau ʻole i ka mōʻaukala

ʻO ka paradox ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ʻo ka nui o ka monotonous o kā mākou kaʻa. Me ka paʻa mau o nā hae kūmau paʻa, nā ʻenekini exotic e like me V12 a me V10 e nalowale ana a e ukali koke ana ka V8. Maliʻa paha ma kahi mamao aku, ʻo nā mea ola wale nō he 3 a ʻehā paha ʻenekini puʻukū.

I kēia loiloi, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā hoʻonohonoho liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻoihana kaʻa iā mākou. Aia wale ka papa inoa i kēlā mau mīkini i kau ʻia ma nā kaʻa pūkaʻina.

1 Bugatti Veyron W-16, 2005-2015

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hopena o Ferdinand Piëch e hana i ke kaʻa wikiwiki loa ma ka honua i pili mua iā V8, akā ua akāka loa ʻaʻole hiki ke hana. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻokumu ai nā ʻenekini i kēia mokuna W8 16-moʻolelo, ʻo ia ka ʻoi loa o ka mōʻaukala.

Loaʻa iā ia he 64 mau kiwikā, 4 turbocharger, 10 radiator like ʻole a he ʻano hoʻohui o nā VR4 ʻehā e kani mai Volkswagen. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke kaʻa hana e like me kēia ma muli o kona mana kupaianaha - a ʻaʻole paha e hana hou ʻia pēlā.

2 ʻenekini valveless ʻole Knight, 1903-1933

Hiki ke waiho palekana ʻia ka mea hoʻolālā ʻAmelika ʻo Charles Yale Knight i kahi pā me nā mea hoʻomohala nui e like me Ferdinand Porsche lāua ʻo Ettore Bugatti. I ka wanaʻao o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ua hoʻonohonoho mua i nā kiwikā i ke ʻano o nā pā (kapa ʻia nā mīkini e nā mīkini kahiko) he paʻakikī a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomohala nei ʻo ia i kahi ʻenekini hou nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo "valveless".

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka inoa pololei, no ka mea, ʻoiai he mau kiwikā i ka kaʻa. Aia lākou i ke ʻano o ka lima e paheʻe a puni ka piston, kahi e wehe ʻākeʻake ana i ka puka komo a me ka paia o ka paukūʻolokaʻa.

Hāʻawi nā ʻenekini o kēia ʻano i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi ma ka nui o ka leo, holo mālie a emi ʻole ka hōʻino. ʻAʻole nui nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻoi aku ka nui o ka aila. Ua patent ʻo Knight i kona manaʻo i ka makahiki 1908, a ma hope ua ʻike ʻia kāna mau derivatives ma Mercedes, Panhard, nā kaʻa Peugeot. Ua haʻalele wale ʻia kēia manaʻo ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā valves poppet i nā makahiki 1920 a me 1930.

3 ʻenekini Wankel (1958–2014)

ʻO ka manaʻo, i hānau ʻia ma ke poʻo o Felix Wankel, he mea ʻokoʻa loa - a i ʻole ia me he mea lā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā poʻo o ka NSU Kelemania, kahi i noi ʻia ai. He ʻenekini ia i loko o ka piston kahi rotor triangular e huli ana i kahi pahu oval. I ke kaʻapuni ʻana, ʻo kāna mau kihi ʻekolu, i kapa ʻia he vertices, e hana i ʻekolu keʻena kuni e hana i ʻehā mau hanana: ka lawe ʻana, kaomi ʻana, ka hoʻā ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

Ke holo mau nei kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka rotor. Kupanaha ke kani - a ʻo ia maoli nō. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana o ia mau ʻenekini ma mua o nā counterparts maʻamau me ka nui like. Akā koʻikoʻi ka ʻaʻahu a me ka waimaka, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana o ka wahie a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Eia naʻe, ua hana ʻo Mazda iā ia i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a haʻalele ʻole i ka manaʻo o ka hana hou ʻana iā ia.

4 Pūnana Eisenhuth, 1904-1907

ʻO John Eisenhoot, he mea loiloi mai NūIoka, he kanaka hoʻokano. Ua koi ʻo ia ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ʻo Otto, ka makua kāne o ka ʻenekini kuni kūloko. Ua hoʻokumu ka mea haku i kahi ʻoihana me ka inoa kaulana ʻo Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company, a laila no nā makahiki he nui i hoʻopiʻi mau i nā hoa ʻoihana āpau.

Mai kahi ʻenekini kuanaʻike, ʻo kāna hoʻoilina hoihoi loa ka ʻenekini ʻekolu paukūʻolokaʻa no ke ana hoʻohālike Compound.

I loko o kēia poloka kahe, hoʻolako nā pahu hopena ʻelua i ka waena, "make" cylinder me kā lākou mau kinoea hoʻopau, a ʻo ia ka pahu waena e hoʻokele i ke kaʻa. Ua nui loa nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, me ke anawaena o 19 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waena - 30 cm Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Eisenhut ʻo ka mālama kālā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mīkini maʻamau he 47%. Akā i ka makahiki 1907 ua banekorupa ʻo ia a ua make ka manaʻo me ka hui.

5 Pahu pahu pailua pālua, 1947-1967

Panhard, hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1887, kekahi o nā mea hana kaʻa mua ma ka honua a ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa. ʻO kēia ka ʻoihana i hāʻawi iā mākou i ka huila, a laila nā koʻokoʻo jet i ke kau ʻana, a ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi o nā ʻenekini hoihoi loa i hana ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻenekini pālahalaha ʻelua ʻelua me ʻelua mau pahu pahu e kū ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka crankshaft. I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana he mīkini pahu pahu. Ua hoʻohui nā mea ʻenekinia Farani i nā hoʻonā kumu maoli i kēia ʻāpana hoʻoluʻu ea - i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paipu hoʻopau.

ʻO nā ʻenekini me ka neʻe ʻana mai 610 a 850 cc i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mana like ʻole. cm a me ka mana mai ka 42 a hiki i ka 60 horsepower, maikaʻi loa ia no kēlā manawa (ua lanakila maoli kēia ʻenekini i kāna papa ma 24 mau hola o Le Mans a ua paʻa ka lua o ka wahi ma ka hoʻāla ʻo Monte Carlo). Ua helu ʻia lākou e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e nā mea ʻona.

ʻElua wale nō pilikia: ʻo ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai o kēia ʻenekini ʻelua-ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenekini ʻehā a koi ʻia i ka mālama nui ʻana. ʻO ka lua, ua hoʻolālā ʻo Panhard iā lākou no nā coupe alumini māmā, a me nā kūlana waiwai i hoʻolilo ka aluminika i mea kumukūʻai. Ua hoʻopau ka ʻoihana i kona ola a lawe ʻia e Citroen. ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū me nā paukū ʻelua i hana i ka mōʻaukala.

6 Kūʻai / Rootes TS3, 1954-1968

ʻO kēia mea ʻē aʻe 3,3-lita ʻekolu-cylinder puʻupuʻu i iho i ka mōʻaukala ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo Commer Knocker (a i ʻole "snitch"). ʻO kāna mea hana, e kau mālie, he mea maʻamau - me nā pistons kū'ē, ʻelua i kēlā me kēia cylinder, ʻaʻohe poʻo cylinder. Hoʻomanaʻo ka mōʻaukala i nā ʻāpana like ʻē aʻe, akā ʻelua kā lākou crankshafts, a ma ʻaneʻi hoʻokahi wale nō.

Pono e hoʻohui ʻia he pālua ia a holo i ka wahie kakolina diesel.

Manaʻo ka Manufacturer Rootes Group e hāʻawi kēia māhele i kahi pōmaikaʻi nui i ka laina kaʻa kaʻa a Commer. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka torque - akā ʻo ke kumukūʻai a me ka paʻakikī ʻenehana ke hoʻokuke nei iā ia mai ka mākeke.

7 Māhoe ʻĀlua Luston, 1900–1904

Hoʻomaopopo paha ʻoe i kēia mana mai kahi ʻāpana o Top Gear, kahi i kūʻai ai ʻo Hammond i kahi kaʻa ma ke kūkālā, i kūkulu ʻia e kona kupuna kāne, a lawe iā ia ma kahi hālāwai kū i mua.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Lflix kekahi o nā mea hana mua loa ma ʻEnelani, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1899. ʻO kāna ʻenekini mua loa, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wanaʻao o ke kenekulia iwakālua, he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia: kahi pahu pahu pahu ʻelua me ka nui o 4 liters, akā me ʻelua crankshafts.

Aia lākou ma lalo o kekahi, a ʻekolu mau koʻokoʻo pili i kēlā me kēia piston - ʻelua māmā ma waho a hoʻokahi kaumaha ma waenakonu. Hele nā ​​mea māmā i kekahi crankshaft, hele nā ​​mea kaumaha i kekahi, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻololi i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hopena he 10,5 horsepower ma 1250 rpm. a me ka hemahema o ka haalulu. ʻOiai he 120 mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala, he hōʻailona kēia o ka ʻenehana.

8 Cizeta V16T, 1991-1995

ʻO kekahi kaʻa ʻē aʻe, e like me ka Veyron, kū hoʻokahi i kāna ʻenekini. ʻO ka inoa hoʻohālikelike ʻo "V16", akā ʻo kēia anakahi 6-lita me 560 horsepower ʻaʻole ia he V16 maoli, akā ʻelua wale nō V8 e pili ana i hoʻokahi palaka a me ka nui o ka loaʻa o ka ʻai. Akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi iā ia i ka pupule. Ma muli o ke kau ʻia ʻana i transversely, lawe ka pou kikowaena i ka ikehu i ka lawe hope.

I kēia lā, kākaʻikahi loa kēia mau kaʻa, no ka mea, he kakaikahi loa nā kope i hana ʻia. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o lākou ma Los Angeles. Makemake ka ona ona e walaʻau i ke kaiāulu, e hoʻomaka ana i ka ʻenekini, akā i hoʻokahi manawa ua kāʻili ka mana o nā dute i ka kaʻa.

9 Gobron-Brille, 1898–1922

ʻO ka Commer "snitch" i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua ua hoʻoulu ʻia e kēia mau ʻenekini piston kūʻēʻē Palani, i ʻākoakoa i kahi hoʻonohonoho o ʻelua, ʻehā a me ʻeono mau paukū ʻolokaʻa.

I ka mana ʻelua paukūʻolokaʻa, hana ka palaka penei: ʻelua mau piston e hoʻokau i ka crankshaft i ke ala kuʻuna. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke alo o lākou he piston hou e pili ana kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo kēia pilina, e neʻe i ʻelua mau lāʻau hoʻohui lōʻihi e pili ana i ka camshaft. No laila, he ʻeono mau paukū Gobron-Brille ʻenekini i 12 pistons a me hoʻokahi crankshaft.

10 Adams-Farvell, 1904-1913

ʻOiai i loko o ka honua o nā manaʻo ʻenekini pupule, kū i waho kēia ʻenekini. ʻO ka hui Adams-Farwell mai kahi kaona mahiʻai liʻiliʻi ma Iowa, USA, e hana ana ma ke kumumanaʻo o kahi motika rotary. Aia nā paukūʻolokaʻa a me nā pistons i loko a puni ka crankshaft kū.

Ma waena o nā mea maikaʻi o kēia ʻenehana ka hana maʻalahi a me ka ʻole o ke neʻe ʻana i nā neʻe. Hoʻonuanu ʻia nā paukū hoʻonoho radial a hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lele lele ke holo nei ka ʻenekini.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā kona kaumaha. ʻO ke kikowaena 4,3-litera ʻekolu-paona kaupaona ma lalo o 100 kg, kahaha iki no kēia manawa. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻenekini i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mokulele, ʻoiai kekahi mau motika a me nā kaʻa i hoʻolako pū ʻia me nā ʻenekini kuni kūloko. Ma waena o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole ka paʻakikī i ka lubrication ma muli o ka centrifugal force i loko o ka crankcase, ka mea e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka aila mai nā ʻenekini.